The Fleas (Siphonaptera) of Egypt: Distribution and Seasonal Dynamics of Fleas Infesting Dogs in the Nile Valley and Delta1
Abstract
Five species belonging to 4 genera of fleas were found on Egyptian dogs. They were Ctenocephalides felis felis (Bouché 1835) (9,008 specimens), Pulex irritans (Linnaeus 1758) (1,090 specimens), Ctenocephalides canis (Curtis 1826) (549 specimens), Echidnophaga gallinacea (Westwood 1875) (29 specimens), and Xenopsylla cheopis (Rothschild 1903) (6 specimens). The first 3 species were the most common on dogs in all regions investigated and the only ones collected in the dense metropolis of Cairo and Giza where seasonal dynamics were studied.
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Fleas have a seasonality in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, starting their activity in spring or increasing from a low base during spring and peaking in mid to late summer followed by a decline until winter.
“Studies have shown that fleas have a seasonality in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, starting their activity in spring or increasing from a low base during spring and peaking in mid to late summer followed by a decline until winter [14,70-72].”
From Fleas infesting pets in the era of emerging extra-intestinal nematodes (2013) · cites this paper as [70]
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Moyer, B. R., Drown, D. M., & Clayton, D. H. (2002) · Oikos · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0706.2002.970208.x · Cited by 201 · see citing works
“Thus, although studies have documented spatial variation in parasite abundance (Amin 1966, van Riper III et al. 1986, Bennett et al. 1992, Merilä et al. 1995, Figuerola 1999, Freeman-Gallant et al. 2001), they have not quantified variation in parasite pressure, independent of host defense.”
BackgroundThe cat flea: biology, ecology and control
Dryden, M. W., & Rust, M. Κ. (1994) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/0304-4017(94)90031-0 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
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“…on companion animals in Argentina (LOMBARDDERO; SANTA-CRUZ, 1986), Australia (CORNACK; O’ROURKE, 1991), Denmark (KRISTENSEN et al., 1978), Egypt (AMIN, 1966), Germany (LIEBISCH et al., 1985), Puerto Rico (FOX, 1952), South Africa (HORAK, 1982), United Kingdom (BERESFORD-JONES, 1981; COWARD,…”
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“However, the prevalence of these species varies in different geographic areas; C. felis being the most prevalent species in London [10], Egypt [11], and Denmark [12], while C. canis was the dominant species in dogs in rural parts of the United Kingdom [13], Dublin [14], and Australia [15].”
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Traversa, D. (2013) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/1756-3305-6-59 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“mer followed by a decline until winter [14,70-72].”
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“The same observations have been reported elsewhere in North Africa, in Egypt [25], Algeria [26], Libya [22] and Morocco [27].”
BackgroundGuzmán, R. (1984) · New Zealand Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1080/00480169.1984.35067 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Cruz-Vázquez, C. R., Gamez, E. C., Fernandez, M. P., & Parra, M. R. (2001) · Journal of Medical Entomology · doi:10.1603/0022-2585-38.1.111 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
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“However, because of the shorter life span ofmale ßeas, the sex ratio of the ßea population on the cat or dog host was '1:3Ð1:5 (M:F) (Amin 1966, Osbrink and Rust 1985, Shyu et al. 1993).”
BackgroundBrown, H. E., Levy, C. E., Enscore, R. E., Schriefer, M. E., Deliberto, T. J., Gage, K. L., & Eisen, R. J. (2011) · Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases · doi:10.1089/vbz.2010.0196 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“These same meteorological events markedly influence flea activity (Bacot and Martin 1924, Amin 1966, Olson 1969, Cavanaugh and Marshall 1972).”
Overmyer, J. P., Smith, P. F., Kellock, K. A., et al. (2009) · Environmental Toxicology · doi:10.1002/tox.20471 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
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“Also, this flea species had been recorded from dogs by Amin (1966) in the Nile Valley and Delta.”
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Mirzaei, M., Khovand, H., & Akhtardanesh, B. (2014) · Journal of Parasitic Diseases · doi:10.1007/s12639-014-0525-4 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“1987), Virginia/USA (Painter and Echerlin 1985), Wisconsin/ USA (Amin 1976), Egypt (Amin 1966) and Lima/Peru.”
BackgroundAnstead, G. M. (2025) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens14020154 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Pittarate, S., Thungrabeab, M., Mekchay, S., & Krutmuang, P. (2018) · Journal of Pathogens · doi:10.1155/2018/1806830 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Siddique, R. M., A.Iqbal, M.Arshad, et al. (2023) · Pakistan Journal of Science · doi:10.57041/pjs.v74i4.796 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Khanal, R., Malla, K. R., & Shrestha, B. K. (2024) · International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences · doi:10.34172/ijmpes.4168 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Humans are accidental hosts who acquire the infection by ingesting infected dog or cat fleas (14,15).”
Backgroundمعدلات إصابة الحيوانات المستأنسة بالبراغيث بجبل نفوسة، شمال غرب ليبيا
Aboulqassim, W. Y. M., Ghana, S., & Shaibi, T. (2022) · AL-MUKHTAR JOURNAL OF SCIENCES · doi:10.54172/mjsc.v37i2.645 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“felis was the most prevalent species in dogs (Amin, 1966).”
BackgroundResultUntersuchungen zur Populationsdynamik von Flöhen bei Hunden und Katzen in der Region Karlsruhe
Mackensen, H. (2006) · Elektronische Hochschulschriften der LMU München (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München) · doi:10.5282/edoc.5847 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Amin, O. M.
- Affiliations
- Naval Medical Research Unit EURAFCENT (EG)
- Corresponding author
- Amin, Omar Mohamed
- ORCID
- Amin, Omar Mohamed
- Venue
- Journal of Medical Entomology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1966-12-01
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 3-4
- Pages
- 293-298
- ISSN
- 0022-2585 (ISSN-L)
- 1938-2928
- OpenAlex
- W2035207652
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Medical Entomology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Dermatological diseases and infestations
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Keywords
- fleas, Ctenocephalides felis felis, Pulex irritans, Ctenocephalides canis, Echidnophaga gallinacea, Xenopsylla cheopis, seasonal dynamics, flea distribution, Nile Valley, Nile Delta, Egypt
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Dogs, Egypt, Siphonaptera, Seasons
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