Mode of Action of Lufenuron on Larval Cat Fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae)
Abstract
Adult cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché), were fed suboptimal in vitro concentrations of lufenuron in blood to allow hatching of flea larvae for cytological study. At concentrations of 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 ppm, larval hatch was 64, 15, and 4%, respectively. Larvae hatching from eggs laid by adults fed lufenuron at concentrations of 0.025, 0.08, or 0.125 ppm did not differ significantly from the control. However, many larvae from the 0.08-ppm group and higher concentrations died during the 1st instar. Examination of these larvae revealed that they were dying from desiccation caused by bleeding from microscopic lesions in the cuticle or the inability to complete the molt to the next instar. Electron micrographs showed that lufenuron often disrupted formation of the endocuticle resulting in the deposition of an amorphous mass of randomly oriented chitin microfibrils. Other larvae formed normal endocuticle but were unable to digest the old endocuticle or produce new procuticle after apolysis. Failure of larvae to digest old cuticle or form new cuticle was caused by degeneration of the epidermal cells needed for the synthesis of molting fluid and chitin.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Lufenuron provides flea control on the animal and in the environment because female fleas biting treated animals will generate eggs from which no larvae will hatch and juveniles feeding on pre-digested blood in the environment are unable to moult to the next stage.
“This molecule provides flea control on the animal and in the environment because female fleas biting treated animals will generate eggs from which no larvae will hatch and juveniles feeding on pre-digested blood in the environment are unable to moult to the next stage [125,127,128].”
From Fleas infesting pets in the era of emerging extra-intestinal nematodes (2013) · cites this paper as [127]
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Recent Developments in Ectoparasiticides
Taylor, M. A. (2001) · The Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1053/tvjl.2000.0549 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
The Biology and Ecology of Cat Fleas and Advancements in Their Pest Management: A Review
Rust, M. Κ. (2017) · Insects · doi:10.3390/insects8040118 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
“Lufenuron disrupted the formation of endocuticle in the larvae and caused degeneration of the epidermal cells [254].”
BackgroundCyp12a4 confers lufenuron resistance in a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster
Bogwitz, M. R., Chung, H., Magoc, L., Rigby, S., Wong, W., O'Keefe, M., McKenzie, J. A., Batterham, P., & Daborn, P. J. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0503709102 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
A chitin-like component in Aedes aegypti eggshells, eggs and ovaries
Moreira, M. F., dos Santos, A. S., Marotta, H., et al. (2007) · Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2007.07.017 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Gangishetti, U., Breitenbach, S., Zander, M., et al. (2008) · European Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejcb.2008.09.002 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Junquera, P., Hosking, B. C., Gameiro, M., et al. (2019) · Parasite · doi:10.1051/parasite/2019026 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Kostyukovsky, M., & Trostanetsky, A. (2005) · Journal of Stored Products Research · doi:10.1016/j.jspr.2004.12.003 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Fleas infesting pets in the era of emerging extra-intestinal nematodes
Traversa, D. (2013) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/1756-3305-6-59 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“[125,127,128].”
DeBoer, D. J., Moriello, K. A., Blum, J. L., et al. (2003) · Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association · doi:10.2460/javma.2003.222.1216 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Mode of Action of Lufenuron in AdultCtenocephalides felis(Siphonaptera: Pulicidae)
Dean, S. R., Meola, R. W., Meola, S. M., et al. (1999) · Journal of Medical Entomology · doi:10.1093/jmedent/36.4.486 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationBuehring (2004) · doi:10.1290/1543-706x(2004)40
Poley, J. D., Braden, L. M., Messmer, A., et al. (2018) · International Journal for Parasitology Drugs and Drug Resistance · doi:10.1016/j.ijpddr.2018.02.007 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Other BPUs have been used to control ticks, mosquitos and flies of importance in companion animals, human disease, agriculture, and aquaculture (Dean et al., 1998; Merzendorfer, 2013; Ritchie et al., 2002; Sun et al., 2015).”
MethodTrostanetsky, A., & Kostyukovsky, M. (2008) · Phytoparasitica · doi:10.1007/bf02980746 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Systemic insecticides used in dogs: potential candidates for phlebotomine vector control?
Ares‐Gómez, S., & Picado, A. (2017) · Tropical Medicine & International Health · doi:10.1111/tmi.12870 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Adult fleas transfer lufenuron to the growing eggs through their blood and to the larvae through their excrement [61].”
BackgroundSuman, D. S., Parashar, B. D., & Prakash, S. (2010) · Journal of Medical Entomology · doi:10.1603/me09190 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Hector, R. F., Davidson, A. P., & Johnson, S. M. (2005) · American Journal of Veterinary Research · doi:10.2460/ajvr.2005.66.1090 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Ahire, K. C., Arora, M. S., & Mukherjee, S. N. (2007) · Journal of Chromatography B · doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.11.026 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Ritzhaupt, L. K., Rowan, T. G., Jones, R. L., Cracknell, V. C., Murphy, M. G., & Shanks, D. J. (2002) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/s0304-4017(02)00051-1 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Salokhe, S. G., Pal, J. K., & Mukherjee, S. N. (2003) · Invertebrate Reproduction & Development · doi:10.1080/07924259.2003.9652533 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Pre- and Postharvest Effects of Lufenuron on Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Whiting, D. C., Jamieson, L. E., & Connolly, P. G. (2000) · Journal of Economic Entomology · doi:10.1603/0022-0493-93.3.673 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
An insect growth inhibitor – lufenuron – enhances albendazole activity against hydatid cyst
Breijo, M., Isnardi, F., Brauer, M. M., Schenker, R., Ferrari, M., & Ferreira, A. M. (2011) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.04.011 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“It affects the development of insect exoskeleton by disrupting the endocuticle formation, which results in an amorphous mass of randomly oriented chitin microfibrills (Dean et al., 1998).”
BackgroundSelf-citationScotty, N. C., Evans, T. J., Giuliano, E. A., et al. (2005) · Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2005.tb02781.x · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Sh., H. (2012) · African Journal of Biochemistry Research · doi:10.5897/ajbr12.028 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Control of cutaneous mycosis in five chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ) with lufenuron
Dubuis, E., & Lucas, D. (2003) · Veterinary Record · doi:10.1136/vr.152.21.651 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Monique, M. T. D. A. A., Ravely, C. O., elli, Daniela, D., ressa, L. L. O., & Pamphile, J. A. (2011) · AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY · doi:10.5897/ajb11.1253 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“It is principally used for controlling the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Dean et al., 1998), being also active against diptera (Wilson and Cryan, 1997).”
BackgroundSagheer, M., Yasir, M., Mansoor-ul-Hasan, et al. (2012) · The Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Scotty, N. C., Evans, T. J., Giuliano, E. A., et al. (2005) · Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine · doi:10.1892/0891-6640(2005)19[878:iveola]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Miller, R. J., Broce, A. B., Dryden, M. W., et al. (1999) · Journal of Medical Entomology · doi:10.1093/jmedent/36.6.780 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Gonzalez, P. V., & Harburguer, L. (2020) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-020-04130-1 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Keçi ve Koyun Yetiştiriciliğinde Pirenin Önemi ve Mücadele Şekilleri
Kandemir, Ç., Taşkın, T., Koşum, N., & Ün, C. (2019) · Hayvansal Üretim · doi:10.29185/hayuretim.511108 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Sheets, J. J., Bretschneider, T., & Nauen, R. (2011) · doi:10.1002/9783527644179.ch29 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Essential Oils and Bioproducts for Flea Control: A Critical Review
Campos, D. R., de Jesus, I. L. R., Scott, F. B., Correia, T. R., & Cid, Y. P. (2025) · Insects · doi:10.3390/insects16121276 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Rasa, C. G., Meola, R. W., & Schenker, R. (2000) · Journal of Medical Entomology · doi:10.1603/0022-2585-37.1.141 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationItching for change: Embracing modern flea and tick product development
Groff, K., & Bishop, P. (2017) · Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.07.002 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Chapter 29. New developments in animal healthcare
Fenwick, A. E. (2001) · Annual reports in medicinal chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0065-7743(01)36069-4
The genetics of resistance to lufenuron in Drosophila melanogaster
Bogwitz, M. R. (2005) · Minerva Access (University of Melbourne)
Can Lufenuron be an alternative treatment option in small animal dermatomycosis?
Bilgiç, B., Dokuzeylül, B., Bakay, B. B., & Or, M. E. (2021) · GMPC Thesis & Opinions Platform · doi:10.51585/gtop.2021.2.0009
Krämer, W., & Schirmer, U. (2007) · doi:10.1002/9783527619580.ch26
Eads, D. A., Castle, K. T., Wild, M. A., Borchert, J. N., Livieri, T. M., Matchett, M. R., Dobesh, P., Hughes, J. P., & Childers, E. (2023) · Journal of Wildlife Diseases · doi:10.7589/jwd-d-22-00168
“For more than 20 yr, lufenuron and niten-pyram insecticides have been orally administered in domestic dogs ( Canis lupus familiaris ) and cats ( Felis catus ) for flea control (Dean et al. 1998; Dobson et al. 2000; Blagburn and Dryden 2009).”
Background
- Authors
- Dean, S. R., Meola, R. W., Meola, S. M., Sittertz-Bhatkar, H., & Schenker, R.
- Affiliations
- Texas A&M University (US)
- Agricultural Research Service (US)
- Novartis (Switzerland) (CH)
- Venue
- Journal of Medical Entomology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1998-09-01
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 720-724
- ISSN
- 0022-2585 (ISSN-L)
- 1938-2928
- OpenAlex
- W2042490073
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Medical Entomology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Insect Pest Control Strategies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Dermatological diseases and infestations
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Insect Resistance and Genetics
- Keywords
- lufenuron, Ctenocephalides felis, flea larvae, larval development, molting, cuticle formation, endocuticle, chitin microfibrils, insect growth regulators, mechanism of action
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Benzamides, Cat Diseases, Cats, Female, Siphonaptera, Fluorocarbons, Larva, Myiasis, Oviposition
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
