The DOI matches its Crossref record; 20 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Assessment of Human Vitamin C Status
Abstract
Since no reliable functional markers of human vitamin C status have been demonstrated, determination of vitamin C levels in blood plasma and/or leukocytes remains the current choice for individual and population assessments. Newer analytical techniques, especially high-performance liquid chromatography, allow determination of reduced (ascorbic acid), oxidized (dehydroascorbic acid), or total amounts of vitamin C in biological specimens or foods. Plasma levels of vitamin C forms are easily determined but may not reflect tissue content as well as leukocyte levels. The vitamin C content of leukocyte cell types varies severalfold and, unlike plasma, leukocytes may contain an appreciable fraction of dehydroascorbic acid. The effects of sex, age, cigarette smoking, drugs, and physiological factors on vitamin C levels are better known for plasma than leukocytes. To realize the potential of leukocytes as measures of vitamin C status, continued work is needed in standardizing the methodology and interpretive guidelines and simplifying the technique for blood processing. The search for specific functional markers of vitamin C deficiency should continue. Candidate markers may involve pathways of carnitine or collagen metabolism, immunocompetence, or antioxidant defense.
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“Although vitamin C levels in plasma or serum are easily determined, they are not a true reflection of tissue content or leukocyte levels [17,24].”
From Enhanced Vitamin C Delivery: A Systematic Literature Review Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Alternative Supplement Forms in Healthy Adults (2025) · cites this paper as [17]
In the citing paper
“This form of vitamin C has a neutral pH (nonacidic) and has been shown in clinical studies to have a longer retention (up to 24 h) in immune cells (leukocytes) [15,16,17].”
From Enhanced Vitamin C Delivery: A Systematic Literature Review Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Alternative Supplement Forms in Healthy Adults (2025) · cites this paper as [17]
Citations
Cites
Ascorbate is an outstanding antioxidant in human blood plasma
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Lens Cadmium, Lead and Serum Vitamin C, E & B-Carotene In Cataractous Smoking Patients
Mosad, S., Elsayed, H., El-Kannishy, A., Ghanem, A. A. I., El-Biomy, A. A., & -Diasty, A. A. (2007) · Mansoura Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology · doi:10.21608/mjfmct.2007.52482
Healthy 29-Year-Old Man With a Petechial Rash: Answer
Johnson, N., Pachigolla, S., Kennedy, K. L., Phillips, M., & Grider, D. J. (2020) · American Journal of Dermatopathology · doi:10.1097/dad.0000000000001340
Antioxidants and Sperm DNA Damage
Zini, A. S., & Gabriel, M. S. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-7843-0_11
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Zini, A. S., Alharbi, M., & Gabriel, M. C. S. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-32300-4_46
Bilateral Lower Extremity Pain and Weakness in a 15-year-old Boy
Kidwell, A., Kelly, T. G., Humphrey, S. R., & Kolinski, J. M. (2023) · Pediatrics in Review · doi:10.1542/pir.2021-005222
Mukkun, L., Tandirubak, Y., Lalel, H. J. D., & Darti, M. (2023) · JURNAL AGRISA · doi:10.35508/agrisa.v12i1.11603
Vitamin C and Its Requirements: A New Public Health Narrative
Carr, A. C. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-32047-7_124-1
In Vitro Studies of Antioxidants for Male Reproductive Health
Zini, A. S., & Gabriel, M. S. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3335-4_38
Chmiel, J., & Kurpas, D. (2026) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18203450
Metadata
- Authors
- Jacob, R. A.
- Affiliations
- United States Department of Agriculture (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jacob, Robert A.
- Venue
- The Journal of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1990-11
- Volume
- 120
- Pages
- 1480-1485
- ISSN
- 0022-3166 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1851396728
- Cited by
- 111
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 1.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Vitamin C and Antioxidants Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Trace Elements in Health
- Keywords
- vitamin C status, vitamin C, dehydroascorbic acid, plasma vitamin C, HPLC, cigarette smoking, antioxidant defense, collagen metabolism, carnitine metabolism, immunocompetence
- MeSH terms
- Ascorbic Acid, Humans, Leukocytes, Nutritional Status, Nutrition Assessment
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