The DOI matches its Crossref record; 35 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Long-Term Ingestion of High Flavanol Cocoa Provides Photoprotection against UV-Induced Erythema and Improves Skin Condition in Women
Open accessAbstract
Dietary antioxidants contribute to endogenous photoprotection and are important for the maintenance of skin health. In the present study, 2 groups of women consumed either a high flavanol (326 mg/d) or low flavanol (27 mg/d) cocoa powder dissolved in 100 mL water for 12 wk. Epicatechin (61 mg/d) and catechin (20 mg/d) were the major flavanol monomers in the high flavanol drink, whereas the low flavanol drink contained 6.6 mg epicatechin and 1.6 mg catechin as the daily dose. Photoprotection and indicators of skin condition were assayed before and during the intervention. Following exposure of selected skin areas to 1.25 x minimal erythemal dose (MED) of radiation from a solar simulator, UV-induced erythema was significantly decreased in the high flavanol group, by 15 and 25%, after 6 and 12 wk of treatment, respectively, whereas no change occurred in the low flavanol group. The ingestion of high flavanol cocoa led to increases in blood flow of cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues, and to increases in skin density and skin hydration. Skin thickness was elevated from 1.11 +/- 0.11 mm at wk 0 to 1.24 +/- 0.13 mm at wk 12; transepidermal water loss was diminished from 8.7 +/- 3.7 to 6.3 +/- 2.2 g/(h x m2) within the same time frame. Neither of these variables was affected in the low flavanol cocoa group. Evaluation of the skin surface showed a significant decrease of skin roughness and scaling in the high flavanol cocoa group compared with those at wk 12. Dietary flavanols from cocoa contribute to endogenous photoprotection, improve dermal blood circulation, and affect cosmetically relevant skin surface and hydration variables.
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“In another study on human subjects, high dose of flavanols from cocoa powder alleviated the erythema size upon UV radiation exposure [97].”
From Antioxidants from Plants Protect against Skin Photoaging (2018) · cites this paper as [97]
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Middleton, E., Kandaswami, C., & Theoharides, T. C. (2000) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0031-6997(24)01472-8 · Cited by 4,882
D IETARY F LAVONOIDS : Bioavailability, Metabolic Effects, and Safety
Ross, J. A., & Kasum, C. M. (2002) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.22.111401.144957 · Cited by 2,153
(–)-Epicatechin mediates beneficial effects of flavanol-rich cocoa on vascular function in humans
Schroeter, H., Heiss, C., Balzer, J., Kleinbongard, P., Keen, C. L., Hollenberg, N. K., Sies, H., Kwik-Uribe, C., Schmitz, H. H., & Kelm, M. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0510168103 · Cited by 1,052
Self-citationProteggente, A., Pannala, A., Paganga, G., van Buren, L., Wagner, E., Wiseman, S., van de Put, F., Dacombe, C., & Rice-evans, C. (2002) · Free radical research · doi:10.1080/10715760290006484 · Cited by 882
Antioxidants in Photosynthesis and Human Nutrition
Demmig‐Adams, B., & Adams, W. W. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1078002 · Cited by 685
Cutaneous photodamage, oxidative stress, and topical antioxidant protection
Pinnell, S. R. (2003) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1067/mjd.2003.16 · Cited by 544
Flavanol-rich cocoa induces nitric-oxide-dependent vasodilation in healthy humans
Fisher, N. D. L., Hughes, M., Gerhard‐Herman, M. D., & Hollenberg, N. K. (2003) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-200312000-00016 · Cited by 502
The Cutaneous Microcirculation
Braverman, I. M. (2000) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings · doi:10.1046/j.1087-0024.2000.00010.x · Cited by 488
T HE H EALTH B ENEFITS OF W INE
German, J. B., & Walzem, R. L. (2000) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.20.1.561 · Cited by 436
Cutaneous photoprotection from ultraviolet injury by green tea polyphenols
Elmets, C. A., Singh, D., Tubesing, K., Matsui, M., Katiyar, S., & Mukhtar, H. (2001) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1067/mjd.2001.112919 · Cited by 365
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Cocoa and Chocolate in Human Health and Disease
Katz, D. L., Doughty, K. N., & Ali, A. (2011) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2010.3697 · Cited by 475
Skin Photoaging and the Role of Antioxidants in Its Prevention
Mikuš, R. P., Poljšak, B., Godić, A., & Dahmane, R. G. (2013) · ISRN Dermatology · doi:10.1155/2013/930164 · Cited by 366
Antioxidants from Plants Protect against Skin Photoaging
Petruk, G., Del Giudice, R., Rigano, M. M., & Monti, D. M. (2018) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2018/1454936 · Cited by 283
Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging
Schagen, S., Zampeli, V., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012) · Dermato-Endocrinology · doi:10.4161/derm.22876 · Cited by 254
Carotenoids and polyphenols in nutricosmetics, nutraceuticals, and cosmeceuticals
Anunciato, T. P., & da Rocha Filho, P. A. (2012) · Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1473-2165.2011.00600.x · Cited by 219
Metadata
- Authors
- Heinrich, U., Neukam, K., Tronnier, H., Sies, H., & Stahl, W.
- Affiliations
- Witten/Herdecke University (DE)
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Stahl, Wilhelm
- Venue
- The Journal of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-06
- Volume
- 136
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1565-1569
- ISSN
- 0022-3166 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1928567210
- Cited by
- 191
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 8.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Foundation for Cancer Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › melanin and skin pigmentation
- Keywords
- cocoa flavanols, epicatechin, catechins, photoprotection, UV-induced erythema, skin hydration, skin thickness, transepidermal water loss, skin roughness, skin blood flow, dietary antioxidants, skin health, women
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Beverages, Cacao, Catechin, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Erythema, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Radiation Protection, Skin, Ultraviolet Rays, Flavones
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