The DOI matches its Crossref record; 115 of the 118 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Coping During Public Service Delivery: A Conceptualization and Systematic Review of the Literature
Abstract
Frontline workers, such as teachers and social workers, often experience stress when delivering public services to clients, for instance because of high workloads. They adapt by coping, using such practices as breaking or bending rules for clients, or rationing services. Although coping is recognized as an important response to the problems of frontline work, the public administration field lacks a comprehensive view of coping. The first contribution of this article is therefore theoretical: conceptualizing coping during public service delivery and developing a coherent classification of coping. This is done via a systematic review of the literature from 1981 to 2014. The second contribution is empirical: via a systematic review of the literature from 1981–2014 this article provides a framework and analytical account of how coping during public service delivery has been studied since 1980. It highlights the importance of the type of profession (such as being a teacher or a police officer), the amount of workload, and the degree of discretion for understanding how frontline workers cope with stress. It also reveals that frontline workers often draw on the coping family “moving towards clients” revealing a strong tendency to provide meaningful public service to clients, even under stressful conditions. We conclude with an agenda for future studies, examining new theoretical, methodological and empirical opportunities to advance understanding of coping during public service delivery. Trabalhadores de linha de frente, tais como professores e assistentes sociais, frequentemente experimentam estresse no exercício de suas funções de entrega de serviços públicos para os clientes em função do acúmulo de trabalho. Eles se adaptam ao enfrentamento utilizando práticas tais como quebrar ou contornar regras para os clientes, ou racionamento de serviços. Apesar do enfrentamento ser reconhecido como uma importante resposta aos problemas de linha de frente, a administração pública se ressente de uma visão totalizadora do mesmo. A primeira contribuição do artigo é, desta forma, teórica: conceituando o enfrentamento durante a prestação de serviços públicos e o desenvolvimento de uma classificação coerente de enfrentamento. Isto é realizado via revisão sistemática da literatura de 1981 a 2014. A segunda contribuição é empírica: através de uma revisão sistemática da literatura de 1981-2014, o artigo apresenta um quadro e uma narrativa analítica de como o enfrentamento durante a prestação de serviços públicos tem sido estudada desde 1980. O texto realça a importância dos tipos de profissão (tal como ser um professor ou um agente policial), a quantidade de carga de trabalho e o grau de discernimento para o entendimento de como trabalhadores de linha de frente lidam com o estresse. Ele também revela que trabalhadores de linha de frente frequentemente recorrem à famílias de “clientes proativos” revelando uma forte tendência a entregar serviços públicos significativos para os clientes mesmo que em condições de estresse. Nós concluímos com uma agenda para estudos futuros, examinando novas teorias, métodos e oportunidades empíricas para avançar o entendimento do enfrentamento durante prestação de serviços públicos. Translated by Ricardo Gomes, University of Brasília
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Street‐level bureaucrats and other state actors are often motivated to help disadvantaged citizens compensate for their challenges in life (Jilke and Tummers 2018; Tummers et al. 2015).”
From Human Capital and Administrative Burden: The Role of Cognitive Resources in Citizen‐State Interactions (2020) · cites this paper as Tummers et al. 2015
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change
Bandura, A. (1977) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.2.191 · Cited by 43,925
Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gøtzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Clarke, M., Devereaux, P. J., Kleijnen, J., & Moher, D. (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000100 · Cited by 28,164
(1991) · Cited by 15,554
Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gøtzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Clarke, M., Devereaux, P. J., Kleijnen, J., & Moher, D. (2009) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00136 · Cited by 10,349
Street-Level Bureaucracy: Dilemmas of the Individual in Public Services
Lipsky, M. (1981) · Michigan Law Review · doi:10.2307/1288305 · Cited by 8,981
Psychological stress and the coping process
Lazarus, R. S. (1966) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 7,164
An Analysis of Coping in a Middle-Aged Community Sample
Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1980) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2136617 · Cited by 6,361
Skinner, E. A., Edge, K., Altman, J., & Sherwood, H. (2003) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.2.216 · Cited by 2,639
What is Wrong with Social Theory?
Blumer, H. (1954) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2088165 · Cited by 2,535
Positive affect and the other side of coping.
Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2000) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.55.6.647 · Cited by 2,471
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- *References included in the systematic review and cited in this article. Note that not all publications included in our review have been cited.
- Breuer, 1955, Studies on hysteria (Standard Edition), 2
- Gilliom, 2001, Overseers of the poor: Resistance, surveillance, and the limits of privacy
- Loyens, 2014, Coping with policy alienation in law enforcement
- 10.2307/800205 · DOI
- Monahan, 2010, Introduction, 1
- * Winter S. Baviskar Siddhartha . 2010. Street-level bureaucracy and performance: A cross-policy analysis. SFI Advisory Research Board Conference 2010 & 2010 Midwest Political Science Association Conference. SFI - The Danish National Research Centre for Social Policy. April 2010.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 501–600 of 752
Serving on the Front Lines of Higher Education: Exploring Advisors' Coping During COVID-19
Survase, S., & Johnson, E. A. (2023) · NACADA Journal · doi:10.12930/nacada-22-34 · Cited by 2
Vitality and Coping With Rules: A Qualitative Research Study Among Primary School Teachers
van den Elsen, J. (2024) · Public Personnel Management · doi:10.1177/00910260241235635 · Cited by 2
“Coping is widely acknowledged in the literature as a prominent response of public service employees to challenges (Dubois, 2010) such as rules (Tummers, Bekkers, et al., 2015).”
InfluentialMcCrea, A. M. (2024) · The American Review of Public Administration · doi:10.1177/02750740241269852 · Cited by 2
“…their needs carry little value (Goodsell, 1977; Lipsky, 2010; Soss, 1999), place partitions between the bureaucracy and the public (Soss, 1999), lead bureaucrats to poorly cope with workload demands (Tummers et al., 2015), and generate uncertainty over receipt of services (Herd & Moynihan, 2019).”
Hennessy, A., Choulis, I., & Siakas, G. (2024) · Socio-Economic Review · doi:10.1093/ser/mwae058 · Cited by 2
Zhao, X., & Cheng, Z. (2024) · Public Administration and Policy · doi:10.1108/pap-11-2023-0157 · Cited by 2
Unbureaucratic Behavior in Times of Crisis: Rule-Breaking by Public Administrators
Lenz, A., & Eckhard, S. (2025) · Review of Public Personnel Administration · doi:10.1177/0734371x241311279 · Cited by 2
“In this paper we follow this understanding, while acknowledging that there are also more nuanced perspectives (e.g. Tummers et al., 2015).”
Wolff, J. N. (2025) · Public Administration · doi:10.1111/padm.13052 · Cited by 5
Building street‐level capacity. Evidence from a policy for problem gambling prevention
Aimo, N., & Cuomo, F. (2025) · Policy Studies Journal · doi:10.1111/psj.70005 · Cited by 4
“Social welfare, education, health-care, law enforcement, and employment still represent the main domains in academic studies (Chang & Brewer, 2022; Hupe et al., 2015; Nothdurfter & Hermans, 2018; Tummers et al., 2015).”
Revisiting ‘who gets in’: borders and migration management in the era of automation and AI in Canada
Bélanger, D., & Bergevin-Estable, G. (2025) · AI & Society · doi:10.1007/s00146-025-02602-5 · Cited by 5
“One coping strategy when faced with “heavy work-loads and managerial pressure” (Borrelli et al. 2023) consists in “moving away from clients” (Tummers et al. 2015), such as limiting direct contact with clients, standardizing procedures, and rationing services (Borrelli et al. 2023).”
Stimulating and Supporting Agency Learning
Mahler, J. G. (2019) · The American Review of Public Administration · doi:10.1177/0275074019879435 · Cited by 2
Social Security and Fairness in a Changing World
Wolfson, D. J. (2021) · Journal of Public Policy and Administration · doi:10.11648/j.jppa.20210503.11 · Cited by 2
“Clearly, professional ethic may be alienated if principals play favorites, underplay the trust-effect or rub their professionals wrong in other ways (Tummers et al. 55].”
InfluentialMartínez-Catena, A., Subirana-Malaret, M., & Subirana-Malaret, F. (2022) · Policing An International Journal · doi:10.1108/pijpsm-06-2021-0076 · Cited by 2
13. Le mode de gouvernance bureaucratique-étatique
de Sardan, J. O. (2021) · Collection Histoire africaine · doi:10.3917/kart.olivi.2021.01.0441 · Cited by 2
Caseload, time-pressure and discrimination
Taghizadeh, J. L. (2021) · Journal of Behavioral Public Administration · doi:10.30636/jbpa.42.271 · Cited by 3
Policy Accumulation and the Democratic Responsiveness Trap
Adam, C., Hurka, S., Knill, C., & Steinebach, Y. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108646888.002 · Cited by 3
Encounters in courtroom. Italian judges as front-line workers in asylum proceedings
Lacchei, A. (2023) · MONDI MIGRANTI · doi:10.3280/mm2023-002010 · Cited by 2
Samarbeid om arbeidsinkludering
Aksnes, S. Y. (2023) · Tidsskrift for velferdsforskning · doi:10.18261/tfv.26.4.2 · Cited by 2
Kuiper, M. (2020) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) · doi:10.33540/339 · Cited by 2
The State of Exception and its Effects on Civil Liberties in Italy During the COVID‐19 Crisis
Malandrino, A., Poto, M. P., & Demichelis, E. (2022) · doi:10.1002/9781119812203.ch6 · Cited by 2
Introduction to the special issue: facilitating citizen engagement in interactive governance
Bhérer, L., & Verhoeven, I. (2023) · Local Government Studies · doi:10.1080/03003930.2023.2245340 · Cited by 2
“These examples fit with the meta-analysis of policy implementation literature by Tummers et al (2015) that signals a growing trend of frontline workers adjusting to citizens’ needs and trying to help them (see also Vanleene, Voets, and Verschuere 2019).”
Madsen, J. K., Mikkelsen, K. S., & Bækgaard, M. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4589964 · Cited by 2
Perceived Barriers to Decision Quality in Three Swedish Public Authorities
Salo, I., & Allwood, C. M. (2020) · International Journal of Public Administration · doi:10.1080/01900692.2020.1737445 · Cited by 2
“Such coping strategies are normal responses when individuals try to perform prescribed duties under high workloads (Tummers et al., 2015), but may result in deficient work planning and inferior decision quality.”
BackgroundFacilitation and Service Delivery in the National Police Service in Nairobi County, Kenya
Nassiuma, B. K., Ogola, H. Y., & Kungu, D. M. (2021) · Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal · doi:10.14738/assrj.89.10804 · Cited by 1
Institutional Logics as an Approach to Embedded Versus Free Agency
Mettang, O. (2022) · Contributions to political science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-17449-0_3 · Cited by 1
Universal Rules and Discretionary Situations: How Do Street-Level Bureaucrats Calculate Suffering
Mishakov, N. (2023) · Antropologicheskij forum · doi:10.31250/1815-8870-2023-19-59-48-72 · Cited by 1
Lévesque, G. V., & Benoit, M. (2025) · Administration & Society · doi:10.1177/00953997251317523 · Cited by 1
“…or because they need to balance conflicting pressures from managers, users, policies as well as professional ethics (Lavee, 2021; Lipsky, 2010; Maynard-Moody & Musheno, 2003; Potipiroon, 2022; Tammelin & Mänttäri-van der Kuip, 2022; L. Tummers, Bekkers, Vink, & Musheno, 2015; Vedung, 2015).”
Routines amid the unpredictable: a street-level organization’s robust response to COVID-19
Wong, J. (2025) · Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory · doi:10.1093/jopart/muaf016 · Cited by 2
Empathy, stress, and coproduction: Experience of public professionals in Chinese healthcare
Li, Y., & Yu, H. (2025) · International Review of Administrative Sciences · doi:10.1177/00208523251355760 · Cited by 1
“Lipsky ’ s (1980) seminal work on street-level bureaucracy highlighted that public professionals, such as social workers, physicians, teachers, and police of fi cers, often work with limited resources and face signi fi cant challenges in meeting the demands of their clients (Tummers et al., 2015).”
Ricotta, A., Generet, C., Moyson, S., Schiffino, N., & Schoenaers, F. (2025) · European Policy Analysis · doi:10.1002/epa2.70019 · Cited by 3
Bernards, B., & Schmidt, E. (2025) · Review of Public Personnel Administration · doi:10.1177/0734371x251379498 · Cited by 1
Hanging in the Balance: Assessing Goal Prioritization Among Street-Level Bureaucrats
Rutherford, A., & Khurana, S. (2025) · Public Performance & Management Review · doi:10.1080/15309576.2025.2572102 · Cited by 1
“In coping with large caseloads and finite resources, bureaucrats often prioritize some clients over others (Hagen & Owens-Manley, 2002; Tummers et al., 2015).”
‘The elephant in the room’: when complex service needs are met with avoidance by frontline workers
Nilsen, M., Gjersøe, H. M., & Kleppe, L. C. (2025) · Nordic Social Work Research · doi:10.1080/2156857x.2025.2599343 · Cited by 1
Inequality in frontline communication: bureaucrats talk differently to men and women
Friedrich, L., & Eckhard, S. (2025) · Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory · doi:10.1093/jopart/muaf036 · Cited by 1
Hassan, S., Wright, B. E., & Tinkler, J. (2026) · Public Administration Review · doi:10.1111/puar.70085 · Cited by 1
Denton, B., Watson, M., Ray, A., et al. (2026) · Housing Policy Debate · doi:10.1080/10511482.2026.2624020 · Cited by 1
“However, SLBs can also engage in coping outside of their interactions with clients—such as quitting their job or seeking support from colleagues—and can use cognitive coping strategies, such as restructuring the way they think about problems (Tummers et al., 2015).”
InfluentialJalonen, H., Laasanen, M., & Salminen, J. (2026) · Public Performance & Management Review · doi:10.1080/15309576.2026.2633272 · Cited by 1
“Tummers et al. (2015) distinguished three primary categories of coping strategies and labeled them moving toward, away from, and against clients.”
InfluentialJauhiainen, A., & Obstbaum, Y. (2026) · International Review of Victimology · doi:10.1177/02697580261424265 · Cited by 1
“Discretion may also be used ‘innovatively’, exemplified in studies showing public officials pushing the bounds of laws and instructions in order to meet their clients’ needs (Cohen and Aviram, 2021; Tummers et al., 2015).”
Predictors of reward status in prison: Behaviour, motivation, and self-governance ability
Elbers, J. M., van Ginneken, E. F. J. C., Nieuwbeerta, P., Boone, M., & Palmen, H. M. H. (2026) · European Journal of Criminology · doi:10.1177/14773708261423838 · Cited by 1
Mettang, O. (2026) · European Policy Analysis · doi:10.1002/epa2.70038 · Cited by 1
Driving employee engagement across sectors: current evidence and an agenda for future research
Hameduddin, T., Alfes, K., & Ritz, A. (2026) · Asia Pacific Journal of Public Administration · doi:10.1080/23276665.2026.2649360 · Cited by 1
Allgood, M. (2026) · State and Local Government Review · doi:10.1177/0160323x261437259 · Cited by 1
Botha, N. N., Segbedzi, C. E., Baku, A. A. A., et al. (2026) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-026-27545-4 · Cited by 1
Coerced Volunteering: Provision of Frontline Social Services During Emergencies
Greenman, O. S., & Lavee, E. (2026) · Social Policy and Administration · doi:10.1111/spol.70074 · Cited by 1
Wei, Z., Hassan, N., Aun, N. S. M., Zakaria, E. B., & Chen, S. (2026) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci15050334 · Cited by 1
Navigating Institutional Friction: Governance Burdens in Hybrid Systems of Authority
Assadi, A. E., Konaté, B. S., & Assadi, M. E. (2026) · Public Administration and Development · doi:10.1002/pad.70089 · Cited by 1
Conrad-Hiebner, A., Wojciak, A. S., & Ronnenberg, M. M. (2026) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/10775595261456614 · Cited by 1
When coping becomes structure: organizational corrosion under sustained administrative overload
Zink, D. (2026) · Journal of European Public Policy · doi:10.1080/13501763.2026.2684997 · Cited by 1
Kang, M. M., Lee, D. S., & Park, S. (2026) · Public Management Review · doi:10.1080/14719037.2026.2693266 · Cited by 1
Everyday dog politics: Street-level bureaucracy and canine urban governance in China
Yan, Y. (2026) · Environment and Planning C Politics and Space · doi:10.1177/23996544261467246 · Cited by 1
Radzuan, N. A. M., Ali, I. M., Sudirman, M. D., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences · doi:10.6007/ijarbss/v12-i10/14808 · Cited by 1
“In contrast, Tummers et al (2015) define service delivery as frontline personnel's interpersonal efforts when engaging with customers to manage, accommodate, or minimise external and internal demands and disputes they face regularly.”
BackgroundCollaborative Innovation and Co-Creation
Rønning, R., Hartley, J. F., Geuijen, K., et al. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-15203-0_5 · Cited by 1
Pinzón-Segura, M. C. (2023) · Mundos Plurales - Revista Latinoamericana de Políticas y Acción Pública · doi:10.17141/mundosplurales.1.2023.5901 · Cited by 1
Banerji, B., & Maitra, P. (2024) · Lecture notes in civil engineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-8842-6_11 · Cited by 1
Behavior and performance of street-level bureaucrats: a study at the Federal Highway Police
da Silva, M. R., Vieira, D. P., Lotta, G., et al. (2024) · Revista de Administração Pública · doi:10.1590/0034-761220230210x · Cited by 1
Tørseth, T. N. (2024) · Nordic Social Work Research · doi:10.1080/2156857x.2024.2394603 · Cited by 1
“…on their work environments, they justify their coping mechanisms as being pragmatic and reasonable; however, these mechanisms distort service ideals or put street-level bureaucrats in a position to manipulate citizens on behalf of the agencies from which they seek assistance (Tummers et al. 2015).”
InfluentialTu, W. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-6392-7_2 · Cited by 2
Lafaut, D. (2025) · Political Research Exchange · doi:10.1080/2474736x.2025.2528433 · Cited by 1
“Like public institutions rationing their services, they function on a first come, first served basis (Tummers et al. 2015).”
Krompa, A., & Hyz, A. B. (2025) · Problems and Perspectives in Management · doi:10.21511/ppm.23(4).2025.04 · Cited by 1
“Bureaucratic inefficiencies, such as complex procedures, redundant approvals, and slow decision-making, add to employee frustration (Tummers et al., 2015).”
Employees perception on improving service delivery in the department of public works
Mathaba, G. P., Nzimakwe, T. I., Mashau, P., et al. (2015) · Journal of Governance and Regulation · doi:10.22495/jgr_v4_i4_c4_p8 · Cited by 1
“For example the frontline workers, such as teachers, police officers, nurses or social workers experience stress challenges caused by high workloads when delivering public services to the customers (Tummers et al., 2015).”
BackgroundMarijnissen, D., & Kolthoff, E. W. (2018) · Tijdschrift voor Veiligheid · doi:10.5553/tvv/187279482018017003003 · Cited by 1
Municipal Diverging from “Bureaucracy:” A Case Study of Organizational Image in Housing Services
Flanigan, & Shawn, T. (2019) · Gonggong guanli xuebao · Cited by 1
Shock Troops and Shock Absorbers: IT Support and Emotional Labor in the Rationalizing University
Seeley, J. L. (2021) · Journal of Contemporary Ethnography · doi:10.1177/08912416211017653 · Cited by 1
Grouw, Y. L. (2016) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) · Cited by 1
Book Review: When the state meets the street: Public service and moral agency
Sandfort, J. R. (2019) · The American Review of Public Administration · doi:10.1177/0275074019870310 · Cited by 1
Street-level bureaucrats help clients, even in difficult circumstancesPreprint
Tummers, L. G. (2015) · RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam)
Self-citationTummers, L. G., & Rocco, P. (2014) · RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam)
Self-citationCoping of regulatory frontline workers: The explanatory power of individual characteristics
de Boer, N. (2015) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)
Bosma, A. Q., Kunst, M. J. J., Dirkzwager, A. H., et al. (2016) · Tijdschrift voor Criminologie · doi:10.5553/tvc/0165182x2016058004003
Wie niet vraagt, die niet wint
Reijnders, M. A. W., Schalk, J., & Steen, T. P. S. (2017) · Bestuurskunde · doi:10.5553/bk/092733872017026001012
Kapoguzov, E. A., Lapina, T. A., & Chupin, R. I. (2017) · Journal of Institutional Studies · doi:10.17835/2076-6297.2017.9.2.154-171
Rappresentazioni e identità degli operatori sociali come street-level bureaucrats e situated agents
Cataldi, L., & Cappellato, V. (2020) · SOCIOLOGIA E RICERCA SOCIALE · doi:10.3280/sr2020-121005
Public Servants in the Wild: An Introduction
Needham, C. E. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-03008-7_108-1
Control, Cost, Convenience and Connection, Four Problems for AI and Public Service
Jeffares, S. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-54084-5_2
Position Closed: The Disappearance and Datafication of Face-to-Face Public Service
Jeffares, S. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-54084-5_4
Lovkrav og administrationsbyrder blandt frontpersonale – det retlige skøn i praksis.
Christensen, A. B., Frandsen, E. M. D., & Schaldemose, S. (2020) · Nordisk administrativt tidsskrift · doi:10.7577/nat.4102
Ropes, E. (2020) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)
Grayer, M. J. (2019) · KU ScholarWorks (The University of Kansas)
Lameck, W. U., & Hulst, R. (2020) · Cairn.info · doi:10.3917/risa.864.0783
What Is the Classic Five-Step Model of How to Do Policy Analysis?
Cairney, P. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-66122-9_2
Reports of missing persons in innovation and infrastructure to achieve water and sanitation for all
Hyun, C. (2020) · eScholarship (California Digital Library)
The Threat to Evidence-Based Policy Making
Adam, C., Hurka, S., Knill, C., et al. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108646888.007
Hunter, J. (2021) · Minerva Access (University of Melbourne)
Well-Being: A Framework to Assess Relationships in Policy Implementation
Ramírez, V. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-74705-3_2
Sidha, Z. O., & Magutu, J. (2017) · Journal of Educational Leadership in Action · doi:10.62608/2164-1102.1053
Public Servants in the Wild: An Introduction
Needham, C. E. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-29980-4_108
Policy Accumulation: Concept and Measurement
Adam, C., Hurka, S., Knill, C., et al. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108646888.003
The Threat to Effective and Even Policy Implementation
Adam, C., Hurka, S., Knill, C., et al. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108646888.006
The Threat to Our Ability to Talk “Policy”, Not “Politics”
Adam, C., Hurka, S., Knill, C., et al. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108646888.005
Adam, C., Hurka, S., Knill, C., et al. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108646888.011
Ways Toward Sustainable Policy Accumulation
Adam, C., Hurka, S., Knill, C., et al. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108646888.008
Policy Accumulation: A Uniform Trend in Democratic Policy Making
Adam, C., Hurka, S., Knill, C., et al. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108646888.004
Adam, C., Hurka, S., Knill, C., et al. (2019) · doi:10.1017/9781108646888.009
Adam, C., Hurka, S., Knill, C., et al. (2019) · doi:10.1017/9781108646888.001
Salah, M., Alhalbusi, H., & Ariffin, R. N. R. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1600724/v1
Adam, C., Hurka, S., Knill, C., et al. (2019) · doi:10.1017/9781108646888.010
Adam, C., Hurka, S., Knill, C., et al. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108646888.012
Loriol, M. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05876-0_10
Engineering Predictable Water Supply: The Humans Behind the Tech
Hyun, C., Kumar, T., Post, A. E., et al. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-86065-3_17
Metadata
- Authors
- Tummers, L. L. G., Bekkers, V., Vink, E., & Musheno, M.
- Affiliations
- Erasmus University Rotterdam (NL)
- University of California System (US)
- ORCID
- Musheno, Michael
- Venue
- Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2015-01-12
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1099-1126
- ISSN
- 1053-1858 (ISSN-L)
- 1477-9803
- OpenAlex
- W1998134118
- Cited by
- 756
- References
- 118
- Citations by year
- 2026: 118 · 2025: 107 · 2024: 86 · 2023: 81 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 82 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 10
- FWCI
- 4.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Georgia
- University of Washington
- University of Kansas
- London School of Economics and Political Science
- European Commission (329519)
- Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam
- Universiteit Utrecht
- Université de Lausanne
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Emotional Labor in Professions
- Social Sciences › Public Administration › Public Policy and Administration Research
- Keywords
- coping, public service delivery, frontline workers, occupational stress, workload, discretion, teachers, social workers, police officers, rule violations, public administration
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review