The DOI matches its Crossref record; 97 of the 97 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Evidence-based Assessment of Pediatric Pain
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To conduct an evidence-based review of pediatric pain measures. METHODS: Seventeen measures were examined, spanning pain intensity self-report, questionnaires and diaries, and behavioral observations. Measures were classified as "Well-established," "Approaching well-established," or "Promising" according to established criteria. Information was highlighted to help professionals evaluate the instruments for particular purposes (e.g., research, clinical work). RESULTS: Eleven measures met criteria for "Well-established," six "Approaching well-established," and zero were classified as "Promising." CONCLUSIONS: There are a number of strong measures for assessing children's pain, which allows professionals options to meet their particular needs. Future directions in pain assessment are identified, such as highlighting culture and the impact of pain on functioning. This review examines the research and characteristics of some of the commonly used pain tools in hopes that the reader will be able to use this evidence-based approach and the information in future selection of assessment devices for pediatric pain.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Melzack, R., & Wall, P. D. (1965) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.150.3699.971 · Cited by 11,090
The McGill Pain Questionnaire: Major properties and scoring methods
Melzack, R. (1975) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(75)90044-5 · Cited by 6,845
Core outcome measures for chronic pain clinical trials: IMMPACT recommendations
Dworkin, R. H., Turk, D. C., Farrar, J. T., Haythornthwaite, J. A., Jensen, M. P., Katz, N. P., Kerns, R. D., Stucki, G., Allen, R. R., Bellamy, N., et al. (2005) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2004.09.012 · Cited by 3,732
Core outcome domains for chronic pain clinical trials: IMMPACT recommendations
Turk, D. C., Dworkin, R. H., Allen, R. R., Bellamy, N., Brandenburg, N., Carr, D. B., Cleeland, C., Dionne, R., Farrar, J. T., Galer, B. S., et al. (2003) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2003.08.001 · Cited by 3,510
Melzack, R., & Wall, P. D. (1996) · Pain Forum · doi:10.1016/s1082-3174(96)80062-6 · Cited by 2,784
Evidence-based practice in psychology.
American Psychological Association (2006) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.61.4.271 · Cited by 2,478
Advances in Pain Research and Therapy
Wang, J. K. (1980) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/00000539-198002000-00022 · Cited by 2,255
The Faces Pain Scale – Revised: toward a common metric in pediatric pain measurement
Hicks, C. L., von Baeyer, C. L., Spafford, P. A., van Korlaar, I., & Goodenough, B. (2001) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(01)00314-1 · Cited by 2,063
Pain in children: comparison of assessment scales.
Dl, W., & Cm, B. (1988) · PubMed · Cited by 1,775
The FLACC: a behavioral scale for scoring postoperative pain in young children.
Merkel, S. I., Voepel‐Lewis, T., Shayevitz, J. R., & Malviya, S. V. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 1,623
Cited by
Report of the American College of Rheumatology Pain Management Task Force
American College of Rheumatology Pain Management Task Force (2010) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.20005 · Cited by 90
Martin, S., Wolters, P. L., Toledo‐Tamula, M. A., Schmitt, S. N., Baldwin, A., Starosta, A., Gillespie, A., & Widemann, B. (2016) · American Journal of Medical Genetics, Part A · doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.37623 · Cited by 61
Martin, S., Nelson Schmitt, S., Wolters, P. L., Abel, B., Toledo-Tamula, M. A., Baldwin, A., Wicksell, R. K., Merchant, M., & Widemann, B. (2015) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1111/pme.12620 · Cited by 48
“VAS scales are commonly used to assess pain in pediatric populations, and evidence exists to support their reliability and validity [30].”
BackgroundA case study: acceptance and commitment therapy for pediatric sickle cell disease.
Masuda, A., Cohen, L. L., Wicksell, R. K., Kemani, M. K., & Johnson, A. (2011) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsq118 · Cited by 44
Self-citationClinical Hypnosis for Procedural Pain and Distress in Children: A Scoping Review
Geagea, D., Tyack, Z., Kimble, R., Polito, V., Ayoub, B., Terhune, D. B., & Griffin, B. (2023) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnac186 · Cited by 35
Metadata
- Authors
- Cohen, L. L., Lemanek, K., Blount, R. L., Dahlquist, L. M., Lim, C. S., Palermo, T. M., McKenna, K. D., & Weiss, K. E.
- Venue
- Journal of Pediatric Psychology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2008-06-18
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 939-955
- ISSN
- 0146-8693 (ISSN-L)
- 1465-735X
- OpenAlex
- W2126786431
- Cited by
- 386
- References
- 97
- FWCI
- 9.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Evidence-based Assessment of Pediatric Pain. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/jpepsy/jsm103
- The paper
- Cohen, L. L., Lemanek, K., Blount, R. L., Dahlquist, L. M., Lim, C. S., Palermo, T. M., McKenna, K. D., & Weiss, K. E. (2008). Evidence-based Assessment of Pediatric Pain. Journal of Pediatric Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsm103
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
