CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 13Electromagnetic Fields and Biological EffectsCarcinogens and Genotoxicity AssessmentEffects of Radiation Exposure

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Long-term exposure to a 40-GHz electromagnetic field does not affect genotoxicity or heat shock protein expression in HCE-T or SRA01/04 cells

Open access
Koyama, Shin, Narita, Eijiro, Suzuki, Yukihisa, Shiina, Takeo, Taki, Masao, Shinohara, Naoki, Miyakoshi, Junji·2019·Journal of Radiation Research
DOI 10.1093/jrr/rrz017PMC PMC6640906
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Millimeter waves are used in various fields, and the risks of this wavelength range for human health must be carefully evaluated. In this study, we investigated the effects of millimeter waves on genotoxicity and heat shock protein expression in human corneal epithelial (HCE-T) and human lens epithelial (SRA01/04) cells. We exposed the cells to 40-GHz millimeter waves at 1 mW/cm2 for 24 h. We observed no statistically significant increase in the micronucleus (MN) frequency or the level of DNA strand breaks in cells exposed to 40-GHz millimeter waves relative to sham-exposed and incubator controls. Heat shock protein (Hsp) expression also exhibited no statistically significant response to the 40-GHz exposure. These results indicate that exposure to 40 GHz millimeter waves under these conditions has little or no effect on MN formation, DNA strand breaks, or Hsp expression in HCE-T or SRA01/04 cells.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1093/jrr/rrz017

Cites

Statistics

Figures

Fig. 1. The incubator for exposure equipped with applicators for exposure (right) and sham-exposure (left) (A). Illustration of the structure (B) and the photograph (C) of the applicator.
Fig. 1. The incubator for exposure equipped with applicators for exposure (right) and sham-exposure (left) (A). Illustration of the structure (B) and the photograph (C) of the applicator.CC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 2. Micronucleus frequency in cells exposed to 40-GHz millimeter-wave radiation for 24 h: HCE-T cells (A) and SRA01/04 cells (B). The positive control was treatment with bleomycin (10 μg/ml). Data are presented as means ± SD from six independent experiments. **P < 0.01.
Fig. 2. Micronucleus frequency in cells exposed to 40-GHz millimeter-wave radiation for 24 h: HCE-T cells (A) and SRA01/04 cells (B). The positive control was treatment with bleomycin (10 μg/ml). Data are presented as means ± SD from six independent experiments. **P < 0.01.CC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 3. Representative micrographic photographs of control (A), sham (B), 40 GHz-exposed (C) and bleomycin-treated cells (D). Values of a comet parameter (tail moment) for cells exposed to 40-GHz millimeter-wave radiation for 24 h: HCE-T (E) and SRA01/04 (F). The positive control was treatment with bleomycin (10 μg/ml). Data are presented as means ± SD from six independent experiments. One asterisk and two asterisks indicate P < 0.05 and < 0.01, respectively.
Fig. 3. Representative micrographic photographs of control (A), sham (B), 40 GHz-exposed (C) and bleomycin-treated cells (D). Values of a comet parameter (tail moment) for cells exposed to 40-GHz millimeter-wave radiation for 24 h: HCE-T (E) and SRA01/04 (F). The positive control was treatment with bleomycin (10 μg/ml). Data are presented as means ± SD from six independent experiments. One asterisk and two asterisks indicate P < 0.05 and < 0.01, respectively.CC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 4. (A) Expression of Hsp27 (1), Hsp70 (2), and Hsp90α (3) in HCE-T cells exposed to 40-GHz radiation for 24 h. Positive controls underwent heat treatment, as shown in the graphs. Data are presented as means ± SD from three independent experiments. **P < 0.01. (B) Expression of Hsp27 (1), Hsp70 (2) and Hsp90α (3) in SRA01/04 cells exposed to 40-GHz radiation for 24 h. Positive controls underwent heat treatment, as shown in the graphs. Data are presented as means ± SD from three independent experiments. **P < 0.01.
Fig. 4. (A) Expression of Hsp27 (1), Hsp70 (2), and Hsp90α (3) in HCE-T cells exposed to 40-GHz radiation for 24 h. Positive controls underwent heat treatment, as shown in the graphs. Data are presented as means ± SD from three independent experiments. **P < 0.01. (B) Expression of Hsp27 (1), Hsp70 (2) and Hsp90α (3) in SRA01/04 cells exposed to 40-GHz radiation for 24 h. Positive controls underwent heat treatment, as shown in the graphs. Data are presented as means ± SD from three independent experiments. **P < 0.01.CC BY · PubMed Central

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

No references could be resolved yet.

Research works printed but not linked: 32

  1. Koyama, 2016, Effects of long-term exposure to 60 GHz millimeter-waves on the genotoxicity and heat shock protein (Hsp) expression of cells derived from human eye, Int J Environ Res Public Health, 13, 802, 10.3390/ijerph13080802 · DOI · Paper page
  2. Wang, 2014, HSP27, 70 and 90, anti-apoptotic proteins, in clinical cancer therapy (Review), Int J Clin Oncol, 45, 18, 10.3892/ijo.2014.2399 · DOI
  3. Beneduci, 2005, Frequency and irradiation time-dependent antiprolifirative effect of low-power millimetre waves on RPMI 7932 human melanoma cell line, Anticancer Res, 25, 1023
  4. Korenstein-Ilan, 2008, Terahertz radiation increases genomic instability in human lymphocytes, Radiat Res, 170, 224, 10.1667/RR0944.1 · DOI · Paper page
  5. Alexandrov, 2011, Non-thermal effects of terahertz radiation on gene expression in mouse stem cells, Biomed Opt Express, 2, 2679, 10.1364/BOE.2.002679 · DOI
  6. Hintzsche, 2011, Terahertz radiation induces spindle disturbances in human–hamster hybrid cells, Radiat Res, 175, 569, 10.1667/RR2406.1 · DOI
  7. IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer), 2013, IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Non-Ionizing Radiation, Part 2: Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields, 1
  8. Mahamoud, 2016, Additive effects of millimeter waves and 2-deoxyglucose co-exposure on the human keratinocyte transcriptome, PLoS One, 11, e0160810, 10.1371/journal.pone.0160810 · DOI
  9. Belpomme, 2018, Thermal and non-thermal effects of low intensity non-ionizing radiation: an international perspective, Environ Pollut, 242, 643, 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.019 · DOI
  10. Scarfì, 2003, THz exposure of whole blood for the study of biological effects on human lymphocytes, J Biol Phys, 29, 171, 10.1023/A:1024440708943 · DOI
  11. Bourne, 2008, The effects of terahertz radiation on human keratinocyte primary cultures and neural cell cultures, Altern Lab Anim, 36, 667, 10.1177/026119290803600610 · DOI
  12. Hintzsche, 2013, Terahertz radiation at 0.380 THz and 2.520 THz does not lead to DNA damage in skin cells in vitro, Radiat Res, 179, 38, 10.1667/RR3077.1 · DOI
  13. Gandhi, 1980, Millimeter wave absorption spectra of biological samples, Bioelectromagnetics, 1, 285, 10.1002/bem.2250010305 · DOI · Paper page
  14. Gandhi, 1983, Some basic properties of biological tissues for potential biomedical applications of millimeter waves, J Microw Power, 18, 295, 10.1080/16070658.1983.11689334 · DOI
  15. Shiina, 2015, High-efficiency applicator based on printed circuit board in millimeter-wave region, IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech, 63, 3311, 10.1109/TMTT.2015.2472401 · DOI
  16. Shiina, 2016, Exposure characteristics of leaky wave applicator at millimeter-wave region, IEICE Trans Commun, J99-B, 106
  17. Araki-Sasaki, 1995, An SV40-immortalized human corneal epithelial cell line and its characterization, Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 36, 614
  18. Koyama, 2004, Effects of 2.45-GHz electromagnetic fields with a wide range of SARs on micronucleus formation in CHO-K1 cells, ScientificWorldJournal, 4, 29, 10.1100/tsw.2004.176 · DOI
  19. Sakurai, 2009, Intermediate frequency magnetic fields generated by an induction heating (IH) cooktop do not affect genotoxicities and expression of heat shock proteins, Int J Radiat Biol, 85, 883, 10.1080/09553000903184358 · DOI
  20. Ramundo-Orlando, 2009, The response of giant phospholipid vesicles to millimeter waves radiation, Biochim Biophys Acta, 1788, 1497, 10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.04.006 · DOI
  21. Chidichimo, 2002, Selective inhibition of tumoral cells growth by low power millimeter waves, Anticancer Res, 22, 1681
  22. Beneduci, 2007, Antiproliferative effect of millimeter radiation on human erythromyeloid leukemia cell line K562 in culture: ultrastructural- and metabolic-induced changes, Bioelectrochemistry, 70, 214, 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2006.07.008 · DOI
  23. Haas, 2016, Impact of 60-GHz millimeter waves on stress and pain-related protein expression in differentiating neuron-like cells, Bioelectromagnetics, 37, 444, 10.1002/bem.21995 · DOI
  24. Haas, 2017, Effect of acute millimeter wave exposure on dopamine metabolism of NGF-treated PC12 cells, J Radiat Res, 58, 439, 10.1093/jrr/rrx004 · DOI
  25. Yaekashiwa, 2018, Investigation of the non-thermal effects of exposing cells to 70–300 GHz irradiation using a widely tunable source, J Radiat Res, 59, 116, 10.1093/jrr/rrx075 · DOI
  26. Vlasova, 2018, Extremely high-frequency electromagnetic radiation enhances neutrophil response to particulate agonists, Bioelectromagnetics, 39, 144, 10.1002/bem.22103 · DOI
  27. Markar, 2003, Effects of millimeter waves on cyclophosphamide induced suppression of T cell functions, Bioelectromagnetics, 24, 356, 10.1002/bem.10106 · DOI
  28. Markar, 2005, Effect of millimeter waves on natural killer cell activation, Bioelectromagnetics, 26, 10, 10.1002/bem.20046 · DOI
  29. Logani, 2006, Effect of millimeter wave irradiation on tumor metastatis, Bioelectromagnetics, 27, 258, 10.1002/bem.20208 · DOI
  30. Noviskova, 2008, Morphometric analysis of hypothalamic cells sowing c-Fos proteins after movement restriction and EHF-irradiation, Pathophysiology, 15, 19, 10.1016/j.pathophys.2007.11.001 · DOI
  31. Gapeyev, 2011, The role of fatty acids in anti-inflammatory effects of low-intensity extremely high-frequency electromagnetic radiation, Bioelectromagnetics, 32, 388, 10.1002/bem.20645 · DOI
  32. Gapeyev, 2015, Modifying effects of low-intensity extremely high-frequency electromagnetic radiation on content and composition of fatty acids in thymus of mice exposed to X-rays, Int J Radiat Biol, 91, 277, 10.3109/09553002.2014.980467 · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 13

Metadata

Authors
Koyama, S., Narita, E., Suzuki, Y., Shiina, T., Taki, M., Shinohara, N., & Miyakoshi, J.
Affiliations
  • Kyoto University (JP)
  • Tokyo Metropolitan University (JP)
Corresponding author
Miyakoshi, Junji
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Radiation Research
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2019-06-14
Volume
60
Issue
4
Pages
417-423
ISSN
  • 0449-3060 (ISSN-L)
  • 1349-9157
DOI
10.1093/jrr/rrz017
PMC
PMC6640906
OpenAlex
W2951389379
Cited by
13
References
0
Citations by year
2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2
FWCI
0.85
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Radiation Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Kyoto University Research Information Repository (Kyoto University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Japan
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Electromagnetic Fields and Biological Effects
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Effects of Radiation Exposure
Keywords
millimeter wave, genotoxicity, heat shock proteins, human corneal epithelial cells, lens epithelial cells, micronucleus formation, DNA strand breaks, long-term exposure
MeSH terms
Cell Line, Cornea, DNA Damage, Electromagnetic Fields, Epithelial Cells, Gene Expression Regulation, Heat-Shock Proteins, Humans, Micronucleus Tests, Comet Assay

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Long-term exposure to a 40-GHz electromagnetic field does not affect genotoxicity or heat shock protein expression in HCE-T or SRA01/04 cells. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/jrr/rrz017
The paper
Koyama, S., Narita, E., Suzuki, Y., Shiina, T., Taki, M., Shinohara, N., & Miyakoshi, J. (2019). Long-term exposure to a 40-GHz electromagnetic field does not affect genotoxicity or heat shock protein expression in HCE-T or SRA01/04 cells. Journal of Radiation Research. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrr/rrz017