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Cited by 349

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 61 of the 61 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Observations of feedback from radio-quiet quasars – II. Kinematics of ionized gas nebulae

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Liu, Guilin, Zakamska, Nadia L., Greene, Jenny E., Nesvadba, Nicole P. H., Liu, Xin·2013·Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
DOI 10.1093/mnras/stt1755
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Abstract

The prevalence and energetics of quasar feedback is a major unresolved problem in galaxy formation theory. In this paper, we present Gemini Integral Field Unit observations of ionized gas around 11 luminous, obscured, radio-quiet quasars at z ∼ 0.5 out to ∼15 kpc from the quasar; specifically, we measure the kinematics and morphology of [O iii] λ5007 Å emission. The round morphologies of the nebulae and the large line-of-sight velocity widths (with velocities containing 80 per cent of the emission as high as 103 km s−1) combined with relatively small velocity difference across them (from 90 to 520 km s−1) point towards wide-angle quasi-spherical outflows. We use the observed velocity widths to estimate a median outflow velocity of 760 km s−1, similar to or above the escape velocities from the host galaxies. The line-of-sight velocity dispersion declines slightly towards outer parts of the nebulae (by 3 per cent kpc−1 on average). The majority of nebulae show blueshifted excesses in their line profiles across most of their extents, signifying gas outflows. For the median outflow velocity, we find |$\dot{E}_{\rm kin}$| between 4 × 1044 and 3 × 1045 erg s−1 and |$\dot{M}$| between 2 × 103 and 2 × 104 M⊙ yr−1. These values are large enough for the observed quasar winds to have a significant impact on their host galaxies. The median rate of converting bolometric luminosity to kinetic energy of ionized gas clouds is ∼2 per cent. We report four new candidates for ‘superbubbles’ – outflows that may have broken out of the denser regions of the host galaxy.

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Metadata

Authors
Liu, G., Zakamska, N. L., Greene, J. E., Nesvadba, N. P. H., & Liu, X.
Venue
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2013-10-09
Volume
436
Issue
3
Pages
2576-2597
ISSN
  • 0035-8711 (ISSN-L)
  • 1365-2966
DOI
10.1093/mnras/stt1755
OpenAlex
W2016904340
Cited by
349
References
61
FWCI
12.76
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Observations of feedback from radio-quiet quasars – II. Kinematics of ionized gas nebulae. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/mnras/stt1755
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Liu, G., Zakamska, N. L., Greene, J. E., Nesvadba, N. P. H., & Liu, X. (2013). Observations of feedback from radio-quiet quasars – II. Kinematics of ionized gas nebulae. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt1755

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