The DOI matches its Crossref record; 112 of the 114 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Colours and luminosities of z = 0.1 galaxies in the eagle simulation
Open accessAbstract
We calculate the colours and luminosities of redshift z = 0.1 galaxies from the EAGLE simulation suite using the GALAXEV population synthesis models. We take into account obscuration by dust in birth clouds and diffuse ISM using a two-component screen model, following the prescription of Charlot and Fall. We compare models in which the dust optical depth is constant to models where it depends on gas metallicity, gas fraction and orientation. The colours of EAGLE galaxies for the more sophisticated models are in broad agreement with those of observed galaxies. In particular, EAGLE produces a red sequence of passive galaxies and a blue cloud of star forming galaxies, with approximately the correct fraction of galaxies in each population and with g-r colours within 0.1 magnitudes of those observed. Luminosity functions from UV to NIR wavelengths differ from observations at a level comparable to systematic shifts resulting from a choice between Petrosian and Kron photometric apertures. Despite the generally good agreement there are clear discrepancies with observations. The blue cloud of EAGLE galaxies extends to somewhat higher luminosities than in the data, consistent with the modest underestimate of the passive fraction in massive EAGLE galaxies. There is also a moderate excess of bright blue galaxies compared to observations. The overall level of agreement with the observed colour distribution suggests that EAGLE galaxies at z = 0.1 have ages, metallicities and levels of obscuration that are comparable to those of observed galaxies.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“The EAGLE model reproduces galaxy rotation curves (Schaller et al. 2015), the bimodal distribution of star formation rates and the cosmic star formation history (Furlong et al. 2015), the Hubble sequence of galaxy morphologies (Trayford et al. 2015) and the Tully-Fisher relation over a wide range of galaxy masses (Ferrero et al. 2017).”
From The milky way total mass profile as inferred from Gaia DR2 (2020) · cites this paper as Trayford et al. 2015
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Stellar population synthesis at the resolution of 2003
Bruzual, G. A., & Charlot, S. (2003) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06897.x · Cited by 10,505
Galactic Stellar and Substellar Initial Mass Function
Chabrier, G. (2003) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1086/376392 · Cited by 9,071
Planck 2013 results. XVI. Cosmological parameters
Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Armitage-Caplan, C., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., et al. (2014) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321591 · Cited by 8,459
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Technical Summary
York, D., Adelman, J., Anderson, J., Anderson, S., Annis, J., Bahcall, N., Bakken, J., Barkhouser, R., Bastian, S., Berman, E., et al. (2000) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/301513 · Cited by 8,368
STAR FORMATION IN GALAXIES ALONG THE HUBBLE SEQUENCE
Kennicutt, R. C. (1998) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.36.1.189 · Cited by 6,578
The cosmological simulation code gadget-2
Springel, V. (2005) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09655.x · Cited by 6,368
Starburst99: Synthesis Models for Galaxies with Active Star Formation
Leitherer, C., Schaerer, D., Goldader, J. D., Delgado, R. M. G., Robert, C., Kune, D. F., de Mello, D. F., Devost, D., & Heckman, T. M. (1999) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.1086/313233 · Cited by 4,126
Galactic Stellar and Substellar Initial Mass FunctionPreprint
Chabrier, G. (2003) · Cited by 4,012
Core condensation in heavy halos: a two-stage theory for galaxy formation and clustering
White, S. D. M., & Rees, M. J. (1978) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/183.3.341 · Cited by 3,919
The cosmological simulation code GADGET-2
Petkova, M., & Springel, V. (2005) · Cited by 3,918
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 114 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 10
- Baldry, 2010, MNRAS, 404, 86
- Bressan, 1993, A&AS, 100, 647
- Hill, 2011, MNRAS, 412, 765
- Inoue A. K. 2012. preprint (arXiv:1202.2932). · arXiv
- Loveday J. 1998. preprint (arXiv:astro-ph/9805255). · arXiv
- Rahmati A. Schaye J. Bower R. G. Crain R. A. Furlong M. Schaller M. Theuns T. 2015. preprint (arXiv:1503.05553). · arXiv
- Rosas-Guevara Y. M. . 2013. preprint (arXiv:1312.0598). · arXiv
- Rosdahl J. Schaye J. Teyssier R. Agertz O. MNRAS 2015;451:4553.
- Sawala T. . 2014. preprint (arXiv:1406.6362). · arXiv
- Tully, 1977, A&A, 54, 661
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–250 of 250
Probing satellite galaxies in the Local Group by using FAST
Li, J., Wang, Y.-G., Kong, M.-Z., Wang, J., Chen, X., & Guo, R. (2018) · Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1088/1674-4527/18/1/3 · Cited by 7
Global preventive feedback of powerful radio jets on galaxy formation
Cen, R. (2024) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2402435121 · Cited by 6
Dynamical cluster masses from photometric surveys
Contigiani, O., Hoekstra, H., Brouwer, M. M., Dvornik, A., Fortuna, M. C., Sifón, C., Yan, Z., & Vakili, M. (2022) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stac3027 · Cited by 6
Correlations between mass, stellar kinematics, and gas metallicity in eagle galaxies
Zenocratti, L. J., Rossi, M. E. D., Lara-López, M. A., & Theuns, T. (2020) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters · doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slaa085 · Cited by 6
Self-citationNIHAO – XXVII. Crossing the green valley
Blank, M., Macciò, A. V., Kang, X., Dixon, K. L., & Soliman, N. H. (2022) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stac1155 · Cited by 6
Multi-epoch machine learning 2: identifying physical drivers of galaxy properties in simulations
McGibbon, R. J., & Khochfar, S. (2023) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stad1811 · Cited by 5
Newman, S., Lovell, C. C., Maraston, C., Roper, W. J., Vijayan, A. P., Wilkins, S. M., Giavalisco, M., & Saxena, A. (2025) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staf1866 · Cited by 5
The luminosity of cluster galaxies in the Cluster-EAGLE simulations
Negri, A., Vecchia, C. D., Aguerri, J. A. L., & Bahé, Y. M. (2022) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stac1481 · Cited by 6
Self-citationContinuous Filament Network of the Local Universe
Tugay, A. V., & Tarnopolski, M. (2023) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acd9a4 · Cited by 6
Understanding the radio luminosity function of star-forming galaxies and its cosmological evolution
Jose, C., Chamandy, L., Shukurov, A., Subramanian, K., Rodrigues, L. F. S., & Baugh, C. M. (2024) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stae1426 · Cited by 5
A young galaxy cluster in the old Universe
Hashimoto, T., Goto, T., Momose, R., Ho, S. C.-C., Makiya, R., Chiang, C.-Y., & Kim, S. J. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stz2182 · Cited by 5
Observing EAGLE galaxies with JWST: predictions for Milky Way progenitors and their building blocks
Evans, T. A., Fattahi, A., Deason, A. J., & Frenk, C. S. (2022) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stac2410 · Cited by 5
Self-citationHSTHα grism spectroscopy of ROLES: a flatter low-mass slope for thez ∼ 1 SSFR–mass relation
Ramraj, R., Gilbank, D. G., Blyth, S.-L., Skelton, R. E., Glazebrook, K., Bower, R. G., & Balogh, M. L. (2016) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stw3262 · Cited by 5
Self-citationStoppacher, D., Tissera, P. B., Rosas-Guevara, Y., Galaz, G., & Oñorbe, J. (2025) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202555232 · Cited by 4
Impact of uncertainties in spectral energy distribution modelling on inferred galaxy properties
Jones, G. T., Byrne, C. M., & Stanway, E. R. (2025) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staf1462 · Cited by 4
An EAGLE view of the missing baryons
Tuominen, T., Nevalainen, J., Tempel, E., Kuutma, T., Wijers, N., Schaye, J., Heinämäki, P., Bonamente, M., & Veena, P. G. (2021) · Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology) · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039221/pdf · Cited by 4
Self-citationLi, X., Li, C., & Mo, H. J. (2025) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/adace2 · Cited by 4
Stellar-gas kinematic misalignments in eagle : lifetimes and longevity of misaligned galaxies
Baker, M. K., Davis, T. A., van de Voort, F., & Ruffa, I. (2025) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staf977 · Cited by 4
Detection of an orthogonal alignment between parsec-scale AGN jets and their host galaxies
Gil, D. F., Hodgson, J. A., L’Huillier, B., Asorey, J., Saulder, C., Finner, K., Jee, M. J., Parkinson, D., & Combes, F. (2024) · Nature Astronomy · doi:10.1038/s41550-024-02407-4 · Cited by 4
Zhang, M.-G., & Wang, Y. (2019) · Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1088/1674-4527/19/12/181 · Cited by 4
A giant central red disk galaxy at redshift z = 0.76: Challenge to theories of galaxy formation
Xu, K., Liu, C., Jing, Y., Sawicki, M., & Gwyn, S. (2021) · Science China Physics Mechanics and Astronomy · doi:10.1007/s11433-020-1667-0 · Cited by 4
Lim, S., Tacchella, S., Maiolino, R., Schaye, J., & Schaller, M. (2025) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staf1578 · Cited by 5
Self-citationDas, A., & Pandey, B. (2024) · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2024/08/060 · Cited by 3
Galaxy evolution in groups: Transition galaxies in the IllustrisTNG simulations
Levis, S., Coenda, V., Muriel, H., Rios, M. D. L., Ragone-Figueroa, C., Martínez, H. J., & Ruiz, A. N. (2025) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202554424 · Cited by 3
Howie, S., Cheng, T.-Y., & Baugh, C. M. (2025) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staf1926 · Cited by 2
Tan, Z., Xie, L., Han, J., Qiu, Y., Fontanot, F., Lucia, G. D., Guo, Q., Li, Q., Zhou, J., Jiang, W., et al. (2026) · Science China Physics Mechanics and Astronomy · doi:10.1007/s11433-025-2847-0 · Cited by 2
Predicting far-infrared maps of galaxies via machine learning techniques
Dobbels, W., & Baes, M. (2021) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142084 · Cited by 2
No Dependence of Radio Properties of Brightest Group Galaxies on the Luminosity Gap
Miraghaei, H., Best, P. N., Cochrane, R. K., & Sabater, J. (2021) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abeaa3 · Cited by 2
Reza, M. (2024) · New Astronomy · doi:10.1016/j.newast.2024.102316 · Cited by 1
Das, A., & Pandey, B. (2025) · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2025/05/101 · Cited by 1
Reduced gas accretion onto galaxies due to effects of external giant radio lobes
Qiu, Y., & Cen, R. (2025) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2506790122 · Cited by 1
Ultradiffuse Galaxies in the EAGLE Simulation
Zheng, H., Liao, S., Gao, L., & Jiang, F. (2026) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae260f · Cited by 1
The impact of selection criteria on the properties of green valley galaxies
Nyiransengiyumva, B., Pović, M., Nkundabakura, P., Mutabazi, T., & Mahoro, A. (2026) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202555290 · Cited by 1
How well does magphys recover galaxy properties? A test using eagle simulated star-forming galaxies
Jones, Z. R., da Cunha, E., & Battisti, A. J. (2026) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stag576 · Cited by 1
Negri, A., Vecchia, C. D., Aguerri, J. A. L., Bahé, Y. M., Barnes, D. J., & Kay, S. T. (2018) · Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union · doi:10.1017/s1743921318006233 · Cited by 1
Self-citationProperties of green valley galaxies in relation to their selection criteria
Nyiransengiyumva, B., Pović, M., Nkundabakura, P., & Mahoro, A. (2019) · Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union · doi:10.1017/s1743921320002781 · Cited by 1
Emergence of red, star-forming galaxies (red misfits) in a ΛCDM universe
Manuwal, A. (2024) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stae1495 · Cited by 1
Pfeffer, J., Bekki, K., Forbes, D. A., Couch, W. J., & Koribalski, B. S. (2021) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2934
The stellar halos of Milky Way type galaxies in the EAGLE simulations
Walton, S. (2018) · Liverpool John Moores University · doi:10.24377/ljmu.t.00007791
Hahn, C., Starkenburg, T., Anglés‐Alcázar, D., Choi, E., Davé, R., Dickey, C. M., Iyer, K. G., Maller, A. H., Somerville, R. S., Tinker, J. L., et al. (2022) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac4253
Sharbaf, Z., Ferreras, I., Negri, A., Angthopo, J., Vecchia, C. D., Lahav, O., & Somerville, R. S. (2025) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staf546
Self-citationMassive black holes and their galaxies
Beckmann, R. S., & Smethurst, R. J. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-21439-4.00148-6
Mocking integral field unit observations and metallicity diagnostics from cosmological simulations
Cárdenas, A. C., Sillero, E., Tissera, P. B., Boquien, M., Vı́lchez, J. M., Bruzual, G. A., & Jofré, P. (2025) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202452226
The evolving role of astrophysical modelling in dark matter halo relaxation response
Velmani, P., & Paranjape, A. (2025) · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2025/07/026
The morphologies of present-day galaxies in the COLIBRE simulations
Moreno, V. J. F., Schaye, J., Schaller, M., Ludlow, A. D., McGibbon, R. J., Benítez-Llambay, A., Chaikin, E., Frenk, C. S., Huško, F., Ploeckinger, S., et al. (2026) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stag1429
Self-citationCluster-green galaxy correlations: Where do these galaxies live?
Levis, S., Rodríguez, F., Martínez, H. J., Coenda, V., & Muriel, H. (2026) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202556588
Predicting resolved dust attenuation from local galaxy properties using MaNGA
Mailvaganam, A., Zafar, T., Corcho-Caballero, P., Mukherjee, T., Prathap, J., Westfall, K. B., & Bundy, K. A. (2026) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia · doi:10.1017/pasa.2026.10147
Learning the Universe: The Structure of Dust Attenuation Curves in Galaxy Simulations
Sommovigo, L., Bartlett, D. J., Cochrane, R. K., Ho, M., Lovell, C. C., & Somerville, R. S. (2026) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae8e78
Pallero, D., Jaffé, Y. L., Fraser-McKelvie, A., Coccato, L., Gómez, F. A., Johnston, E. J., Lima-Dias, C., Rossi, M. E. D., & Montaguth, G. P. (2026) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202659852
Metadata
- Authors
- Trayford, J. W., Theuns, T., Bower, R. G., Schaye, J., Furlong, M., Schaller, M., Frenk, C. S., Crain, R. A., Vecchia, C. D., & McCarthy, I. G.
- Affiliations
- Durham University (GB)
- Leiden University (NL)
- Liverpool John Moores University (GB)
- Universidad de La Laguna (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Trayford, James W.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2015-07-29
- Volume
- 452
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 2879-2896
- ISSN
- 0035-8711 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2966
- OpenAlex
- W1735913374
- Cited by
- 251
- References
- 114
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 7
- FWCI
- 17.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (publishedVersion)
- Liverpool John Moores University (acceptedVersion)
- Durham Research Online (Durham University) (acceptedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- Durham Research Online (Durham University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- Durham University (ST/K00042X/1, ST/K003267/1, ST/H008519/1)
- Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (AP P7/08 CHARM)
- Science and Technology Facilities Council (ST/I00162X/1, ST/H008519, ST/I004459/2, ST/K00042X/1, ST/M007006/1, ST/L00075X/1, ST/L00061X/1, ST/F001166/1, ST/H008519/1, ST/K003267/1, ST/I004459/1)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
- Keywords
- galaxy color, galaxy luminosity function, EAGLE simulation, dust attenuation, red sequence, blue cloud, quiescent galaxies, star-forming galaxies, intermediate-redshift galaxies
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
