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Genetic Evidence of Paleolithic Colonization and Neolithic Expansion of Modern Humans on the Tibetan Plateau

Qi, Xuebin, Cui, Chaoying, Peng, Yi, Zhang, Xiaoming, Yang, Zhaohui, Zhong, Hua, Zhang, Hui, Xiang, Kun, Cao, Xiangyu, Wang, Yi, Ouzhuluobu, Basang, Ciwangsangbu, Bianba, Gonggalanzi, Wu, Tianyi, Chen, Hua, Shi, Hong, Su, Bing·2013·Molecular Biology and Evolution
DOI 10.1093/molbev/mst093
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Abstract

Tibetans live on the highest plateau in the world, their current population size is approximately 5 million, and most of them live at an altitude exceeding 3,500 m. Therefore, the Tibetan Plateau is a remarkable area for cultural and biological studies of human population history. However, the chronological profile of the Tibetan Plateau's colonization remains an unsolved question of human prehistory. To reconstruct the prehistoric colonization and demographic history of modern humans on the Tibetan Plateau, we systematically sampled 6,109 Tibetan individuals from 41 geographic populations across the entire region of the Tibetan Plateau and analyzed the phylogeographic patterns of both paternal (n = 2,354) and maternal (n = 6,109) lineages as well as genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism markers (n = 50) in Tibetan populations. We found that there have been two distinct, major prehistoric migrations of modern humans into the Tibetan Plateau. The first migration was marked by ancient Tibetan genetic signatures dated to approximately 30,000 years ago, indicating that the initial peopling of the Tibetan Plateau by modern humans occurred during the Upper Paleolithic rather than Neolithic. We also found evidences for relatively young (only 7-10 thousand years old) shared Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA haplotypes between Tibetans and Han Chinese, suggesting a second wave of migration during the early Neolithic. Collectively, the genetic data indicate that Tibetans have bee…

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Metadata

Authors
Qi, X., Cui, C., Peng, Y., Zhang, X., Yang, Z., Zhong, H., Zhang, H., Xiang, K., Cao, X., Wang, Y., Ouzhuluobu, Basang, Ciwangsangbu, Bianba, Gonggalanzi, Wu, T., Chen, H., Shi, H., & Su, B.
Venue
Molecular Biology and Evolution
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2013-05-16
Volume
30
Issue
8
Pages
1761-1778
ISSN
  • 1537-1719
  • 0737-4038
DOI
10.1093/molbev/mst093
Cited by
196
References
15
Language
en

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Qi, X., Cui, C., Peng, Y., Zhang, X., Yang, Z., Zhong, H., Zhang, H., Xiang, K., Cao, X., Wang, Y., Ouzhuluobu, Basang, Ciwangsangbu, Bianba, Gonggalanzi, Wu, T., Chen, H., Shi, H., & Su, B. (2013). Genetic Evidence of Paleolithic Colonization and Neolithic Expansion of Modern Humans on the Tibetan Plateau. Molecular Biology and Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst093