Phylogeographical analyses of domestic and wild yaks based on mitochondrial DNA: new data and reappraisal
Open accessAbstract
Aim We aimed to examine the phylogeographical structure and demographic history of domestic and wild yaks (Bos grunniens) based on a wide range of samples and complete mitochondrial genomic sequences. Location The Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau (QTP) of western China. Methods All available D‐loop sequences for 405 domesticated yaks and 47 wild yaks were examined, including new sequences from 96 domestic and 34 wild yaks. We further sequenced the complete mitochondrial genomes of 48 domesticated and 21 wild yaks. Phylogeographical analyses were performed using the mitochondrial D‐loop and the total genome datasets. Results We recovered a total of 123 haplotypes based on the D‐loop sequences in wild and domestic yaks. Phylogenetic analyses of this dataset and the mitochondrial genome data suggested three well‐supported and divergent lineages. Two lineages with six D‐loop haplogroups were recovered for all morphological breeds of domestic yaks across their distributions in the QTP, while one more lineage and more endemic haplogroups or haplotypes were found for wild yaks. Based on the mitochondrial genome data, the divergences of the three lineages were estimated to have occurred around 420,000 and 580,000 years ago, consistent with the geological records of two large glaciation events experienced in the QTP. Main conclusions There are distinct phylogeographical differences between wild and domestic yaks. However, there is no apparent geographical correlation between identified haplogroups and distributions of domestic yaks. Three differentiated lineages of yaks probably evolved allopatrically in different regions during the Pleistocene glaciation events, then reunited into a single gene pool during post‐glacial population expansion and migrations before the start of the domestication of yaks in the Holocene.
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The higher heterozygosity in yak may be due to a longer and more systematic selection in cattle and/or to introgression from wild yaks still living on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
“This may be due to a longer and more systematic selection in cattle and/or to introgression from wild yaks still living on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau 14,15 .”
From The yak genome and adaptation to life at high altitude (2012) · cites this paper as [14]
The Phylogeographical structure section (page unavailable) says that domestic yaks were sometimes hybridized with wild yaks, supporting the proposed introgression. It does not compare yak and cattle heterozygosity or say that cattle underwent longer, more systematic selection. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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The yak genome and adaptation to life at high altitude
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Wang, Z., Shen, X., Liu, B., Su, J., Yonezawa, T., Yu, Y., Guo, S., Ho, S. Y. W., Vilà, C., Hasegawa, M., & Liu, J.
- Affiliations
- Lanzhou University (CN)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Fudan University (CN)
- Australian National University (AU)
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Liu, Jianquan
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Biogeography
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2010-08-16
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2332-2344
- ISSN
- 0305-0270 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2699
- OpenAlex
- W2125744302
- Cited by
- 79
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 2.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- ir.lzu.edu.cn
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Biogeography (publishedVersion)
- Lanzhou University Institutional Repository (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic diversity and population structure
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Forensic and Genetic Research
- Keywords
- yak, phylogeography, domestication, wild yak, mitochondrial genome, D-loop haplotypes, Tibetan Plateau, Quaternary glaciation, population divergence, allopatric speciation, yak breeds
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