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Somatic Mutations and Genome Stability Maintenance in Clonal Coral Colonies

López, Elora H, Palumbi, Stephen R·2020·Molecular Biology and Evolution
DOI 10.1093/molbev/msz270

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Abstract

One challenge for multicellular organisms is maintaining genome stability in the face of mutagens across long life spans. Imperfect genome maintenance leads to mutation accumulation in somatic cells, which is associated with tumors and senescence in vertebrates. Colonial reef-building corals are often large, can live for hundreds of years, rarely develop recognizable tumors, and are thought to convert somatic cells into gamete producers, so they are a pivotal group in which to understand long-term genome maintenance. To measure rates and patterns of somatic mutations, we analyzed transcriptomes from 17 to 22 branches from each of four Acropora hyacinthus colonies, determined putative single nucleotide variants, and verified them with Sanger resequencing. Unlike for human skin carcinomas, there is no signature of mutations caused by UV damage, indicating either higher efficiency of repair than in vertebrates, or strong sunscreen protection in these shallow water tropical animals. The somatic mutation frequency per nucleotide in A. hyacinthus is on the same order of magnitude (10−7) as noncancerous human somatic cells, and accumulation of mutations with age is similar. Loss of heterozygosity variants outnumber gain of heterozygosity mutations ∼2:1. Although the mutation frequency is similar in mammals and corals, the preponderance of loss of heterozygosity changes and potential selection may reduce the frequency of deleterious mutations in colonial animals like corals. This may limit the deleterious effects of somatic mutations on the coral organism as well as potential offspring.

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  • Far less is known about somatic mutation in other species than in humans.

    “With the exception of some initial studies, far less is known about somatic mutation in other species1–7.”

    From Somatic mutation rates scale with lifespan across mammals (2022) · cites this paper as [7]

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Metadata

Authors
López, E. H., & Palumbi, S. R.
Venue
Molecular Biology and Evolution
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2019-11-13
Volume
37
Issue
3
Pages
828-838
ISSN
  • 0737-4038
  • 1537-1719
DOI
10.1093/molbev/msz270
Cited by
18
References
7
Language
en
Licence
academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
Funders
  • Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
  • NSF Graduate Research Fellowship and the Morgridge Family Fellowship

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