The DOI matches its Crossref record; 41 of the 41 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
HIV-1 can escape from RNA interference by evolving an alternative structure in its RNA genome
Open accessAbstract
HIV-1 replication can be efficiently inhibited by intracellular expression of an siRNA targeting the viral RNA. However, HIV-1 escape variants emerged after prolonged culturing. These RNAi-resistant viruses contain nucleotide substitutions or deletions in or near the targeted sequence. We observed an inverse correlation between the level of resistance and the stability of the siRNA/target-RNA duplex. However, two escape variants showed a higher level of resistance than expected based on the duplex stability. We demonstrate that these mutations induce alternative folding of the RNA such that the target sequence is occluded from binding to the siRNA, resulting in reduced RNAi efficiency. HIV-1 can thus escape from RNAi-mediated inhibition not only through nucleotide substitutions or deletions in the siRNA target sequence, but also through mutations that alter the local RNA secondary structure. The results highlight the enormous genetic flexibility of HIV-1 and provide detailed molecular insight into the sequence specificity of RNAi and the impact of target RNA secondary structure.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Potent and specific genetic interference by double-stranded RNA in Caenorhabditis elegans
Fire, A., Xu, S., Montgomery, M. K., Kostas, S. A., Driver, S. E., & Mello, C. C. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35888 · Cited by 15,429
Mfold web server for nucleic acid folding and hybridization prediction
Zuker, M. (2003) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkg595 · Cited by 13,404
Duplexes of 21-nucleotide RNAs mediate RNA interference in cultured mammalian cells
Elbashir, S. M., Harborth, J., Lendeckel, W., Yalcin, A., Weber, K., & Tuschl, T. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35078107 · Cited by 9,456
A System for Stable Expression of Short Interfering RNAs in Mammalian Cells
Brummelkamp, T. R., Bernards, R., & Agami, R. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1068999 · Cited by 4,291
Mathews, D. H., Sabina, J., Zuker, M., & Turner, D. H. (1999) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1006/jmbi.1999.2700 · Cited by 3,795
RNA interference is mediated by 21- and 22-nucleotide RNAs
Elbashir, S. M., Lendeckel, W., & Tuschl, T. (2001) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.862301 · Cited by 3,310
An RNA-directed nuclease mediates post-transcriptional gene silencing in Drosophila cells
Hammond, S. M., Bernstein, E., Beach, D., & Hannon, G. J. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35005107 · Cited by 3,003
Zamore, P. D., Tuschl, T., Sharp, P. A., & Bartel, D. P. (2000) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80620-0 · Cited by 2,676
Single-Stranded Antisense siRNAs Guide Target RNA Cleavage in RNAi
Martinez, J., Patkaniowska, A., Urlaub, H., Lührmann, R., & Tuschl, T. (2002) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(02)00908-x · Cited by 1,459
Deacon, N. J., Tsykin, A., Solomon, A., Smith, K., Ludford-Menting, M., Hooker, D. J., McPhee, D. A., Greenway, A. L., Ellett, A., Chatfield, C., et al. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.270.5238.988 · Cited by 1,155
Cited by
Domingo, E., Sheldon, J., & Perales, C. (2012) · Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews · doi:10.1128/mmbr.05023-11 · Cited by 1,009
Viral and Cellular MicroRNAs as Determinants of Viral Pathogenesis and Immunity
Gottwein, E., & Cullen, B. R. (2008) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2008.05.002 · Cited by 405
Suppression of RNA Interference by Adenovirus Virus-Associated RNA
Andersson, M. G., Haasnoot, P. C. J., Xu, N., Berenjian, S., Berkhout, B., & Akusjärvi, G. (2005) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.79.15.9556-9565.2005 · Cited by 329
The Ebola Virus VP35 Protein Is a Suppressor of RNA Silencing
Haasnoot, J., de Vries, W., Geutjes, E.-J., Prins, M., de Haan, P., & Berkhout, B. (2007) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030086 · Cited by 317
RNA interference against viruses: strike and counterstrike
Haasnoot, J., Westerhout, E. M., & Berkhout, B. (2007) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt1369 · Cited by 295
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Westerhout, E. M.
- Venue
- Nucleic Acids Research
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2005-01-19
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 796-804
- ISSN
- 0305-1048 (ISSN-L)
- 1362-4962
- OpenAlex
- W2069608350
- Cited by
- 398
- References
- 41
- FWCI
- 17.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: HIV-1 can escape from RNA interference by evolving an alternative structure in its RNA genome. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/nar/gki220
- The paper
- Westerhout, E. M. (2005). HIV-1 can escape from RNA interference by evolving an alternative structure in its RNA genome. Nucleic Acids Research. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gki220
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
