Harnessing generative AI to decode enzyme catalysis and evolution for enhanced engineering
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Abstract
Enzymes, as paramount protein catalysts, occupy a central role in fostering remarkable progress across numerous fields. However, the intricacy of sequence-function relationships continues to obscure our grasp of enzyme behaviors and curtails our capabilities in rational enzyme engineering. Generative artificial intelligence (AI), known for its proficiency in handling intricate data distributions, holds the potential to offer novel perspectives in enzyme research. Generative models could discern elusive patterns within the vast sequence space and uncover new functional enzyme sequences. This review highlights the recent advancements in employing generative AI for enzyme sequence analysis. We delve into the impact of generative AI in predicting mutation effects on enzyme fitness, catalytic activity and stability, rationalizing the laboratory evolution of de novo enzymes, and decoding protein sequence semantics and their application in enzyme engineering. Notably, the prediction of catalytic activity and stability of enzymes using natural protein sequences serves as a vital link, indicating how enzyme catalysis shapes enzyme evolution. Overall, we foresee that the integration of generative AI into enzyme studies will remarkably enhance our knowledge of enzymes and expedite the creation of superior biocatalysts.
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- Authors
- Xie, W. J., & Warshel, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Florida (US)
- University of Southern California (US)
- Corresponding author
- Xie, Wen Jun
- Warshel, Arieh
- Venue
- National Science Review
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2023-11-06
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- nwad331-nwad331
- ISSN
- 2053-714X (ISSN-L)
- 2095-5138
- PMC
- PMC10829072
- OpenAlex
- W4390455781
- Cited by
- 69
- References
- 92
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 2
- FWCI
- 1.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- National Science Review (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (submittedVersion, cc-by-nd)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (R35 GM122472)
- National Science Foundation (MCB 1707167)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Structure and Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Machine Learning in Bioinformatics
- Keywords
- generative AI, enzyme catalysis, enzyme evolution, rational enzyme design, sequence-function relationships, de novo enzyme design, experimental evolution, mutation effect prediction, enzyme stability, catalytic activity prediction, biocatalysts
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