Cited by 270Nutrition and Health in AgingMuscle metabolism and nutritionMuscle Physiology and Disorders

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Nutritional interventions to improve muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in older people: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

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Gielen, Evelien, Beckwée, David, Delaere, Andreas, De Breucker, Sandra, Vandewoude, Maurits, Bautmans, Ivan, the Sarcopenia Guidelines Development Group of the Belgian Society of Gerontology and Geriatrics (BSGG), Bautmans, I, Beaudart, C, Beckwée, D, Beyer, I, Bruyère, O, De Breucker, S, De Cock, A.-M., Delaere, A, de Saint-Hubert, M, De Spiegeleer, A, Gielen, E, Perkisas, S, Vandewoude, M·2021·Nutrition Reviews

DOI 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa011

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Abstract

Context: Sarcopenia is a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes such as falls, disability, and death. The Belgian Society of Gerontology and Geriatrics has developed evidence-based guidelines for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. This umbrella review presents the results of the Working Group on Nutritional Interventions. Objective: The aim of this umbrella review was to provide an evidence-based overview of nutritional interventions targeting sarcopenia or at least 1 of the 3 sarcopenia criteria (ie, muscle mass, muscle strength, or physical performance) in persons aged ≥ 65 years. Data sources: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, the PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for systematic reviews and meta-analyses reporting the effect of nutritional supplementation on sarcopenia or muscle mass, strength, or physical performance. Data extraction: Two authors extracted data on the key characteristics of the reviews, including participants, treatment, and outcomes. Methodological quality of the reviews was assessed using the product A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews. Three authors synthesized the extracted data and generated recommendations on the basis of an overall synthesis of the effects of each intervention. Quality of evidence was rated with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Data analysis: A total of 15 systematic reviews were included. The following supplements were examined: proteins, essential amino acids, leucine, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, creatine, and multinutrient supplementation (with or without physical exercise). Because of both the low amount and the low to moderate quality of the reviews, the level of evidence supporting most recommendations was low to moderate. Conclusions: Best evidence is available to recommend leucine, because it has a significant effect on muscle mass in elderly people with sarcopenia. Protein supplementation on top of resistance training is recommended to increase muscle mass and strength, in particular for obese persons and for ≥ 24 weeks. Effects on sarcopenia as a construct were not reported in the included reviews.

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Additional file 3 of Synergistic Effect of Increased Total Protein Intake and Strength Training on Muscle Strength: A Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
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Additional file 4 of Synergistic Effect of Increased Total Protein Intake and Strength Training on Muscle Strength: A Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
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Additional file 2 of Synergistic Effect of Increased Total Protein Intake and Strength Training on Muscle Strength: A Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
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Additional file 1 of Nutrition-related diseases and cardiovascular mortality in American society: national health and nutrition examination study, 1999–2006
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Additional file 1 of Synergistic Effect of Increased Total Protein Intake and Strength Training on Muscle Strength: A Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
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Looha, M. A., Sharifi, Z., Banar, S., Vakily, S., Eshaghzadeh, M., & Rabbani, A. (2026) · BMC Gastroenterology · doi:10.1186/s12876-026-04850-1
Impacto do sedentarismo e comorbidades nas variáveis de saúde de um homem com síndrome pós-covid-19 internado em UTI: um caso descritivo
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“A imobilidade causada pela internação em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) acentuou problemas a sarcopenia acelerada, associada à perda de força e de massa muscular, nos casos de covid-19 (Gielen et al., 2021).”
Evidence-based position paper on Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (PRM) professional practice for persons with sarcopenia. The European PRM position (UEMS PRM Section)
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Increased 1-year mortality rates after hip fracture surgery in geriatric patients with skeletal muscle atrophy: a propensity score-matched study
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Muscle Matters: Dietary Supplement Use and Sarcopenia Risk
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“…with sarcopenia, especially leucine supplementation, which can increase muscle mass and muscle strength, according to the study by Gielen et al. [25] Additionally, the consumption of protein sources enhanced with this essential amino acid, or its metabolite beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, is…”
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Comparative Effectiveness of Nutritional Strategies for Sarcopenia-Related Outcomes in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
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Authors: Gielen, E., Beckwée, D., Delaere, A., De Breucker, S., Vandewoude, M., Bautmans, I., the Sarcopenia Guidelines Development Group of the Belgian Society of Gerontology and Geriatrics (BSGG), Bautmans, I., Beaudart, C., Beckwée, D., Beyer, I., Bruyère, O., De Breucker, S., De Cock, A.-M., Delaere, A., de Saint-Hubert, M., De Spiegeleer, A., Gielen, E., Perkisas, S., & Vandewoude, M.
Affiliations: Department of Geriatrics, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Rehabilitation Sciences Research Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
Frailty in Ageing Research Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
Department of Geriatrics, Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
University of Antwerp (BE)
Frailty in Ageing Research Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
Vrije Universiteit Brussel (BE)
Erasmus Hospital (BE)
ORCID: Gielen, Evelien
Vandewoude, Maurits
Beaudart, C
Beyer, I
Bruyère, O
Perkisas, S
Venue: Nutrition Reviews
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2021-01-07
Volume: 79
Issue: 2
Pages: 121-147
ISSN: 0029-6643 (ISSN-L)
1753-4887
DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa011
OpenAlex: W3030753538
Cited by: 269
References: 62
Citations by year: 2026: 32 · 2025: 60 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 52 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 25
FWCI: 4.10
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: other-oa
academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
Locations: Nutrition Reviews (publishedVersion, other-oa)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Dépôt institutionnel de l'Université libre de Bruxelles (Université Libre de Bruxelles) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Lirias (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
Digital Access to Libraries (Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), l'Université de Namur (UNamur) and the Université Saint-Louis (USL-B)) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
ORBi (University of Liège) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
Keywords: sarcopenia, dietary intervention, older adults, muscle mass, muscle strength, physical performance, protein supplementation, leucine, essential amino acids, creatine, beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, resistance training, obesity
MeSH terms: Physical Functional Performance, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Amino Acids, Essential, Creatine, Humans, Leucine, Valerates, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, Dietary Supplements, Muscle Strength, Sarcopenia

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Nutritional interventions to improve muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in older people: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

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