CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 107Trace Elements in HealthFolate and B Vitamins ResearchSpinal Dysraphism and Malformations

Maternal Supplemental and Dietary Zinc Intake and the Occurrence of Neural Tube Defects in California

Velie, E. M., Block, G., Shaw, G. M., Samuels, S. J., Schaffer, D. M, Kulldorff, M.·1999·American Journal of Epidemiology
DOI 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010059
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The authors investigated the association between maternal preconceptional supplemental and dietary zinc intake and risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) in a population-based case-control study conducted between 1989 and 1991 in California. Cases were 430 NTD-affected fetuses/infants, and controls were 429 randomly selected non-malformed infants. Mothers reported their preconceptional use of vitamin, mineral, and food supplements, and completed a 98-item food frequency questionnaire. Increased total preconceptional zinc intake was associated with a reduced risk for NTDs (quintile 5 vs. quintile 1, odds ratio (OR) = 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.43, 0.99). Phytate intake, a constituent of the diet known to impede zinc absorption, appeared to modify the zinc - NTD association. In addition, increased servings of animal products, the most bioavailable food source of zinc, was associated with a reduced risk for NTDs (quintile 5 vs. quintile 1, OR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.32, 0.76). Risk estimates for zinc intake were changed little after controlling for multiple sociodemographic factors and total folate intake, but were attenuated after controlling for nutrients highly correlated with dietary sources of zinc, such as protein. In sum, the analyses indicate that risk of NTDs in infants and fetuses decreased with increasing maternal preconceptional zinc intake. However, it remains unclear whether increased zinc intake, or another nutrient or combination of nutrients highly correlated with zinc intake in the diet, is causally associated with reduced NTD risk.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010059

Cites

35 of 35 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Deficiencies in maternal zinc during pregnancy can be harmful to fetal development, have been identified as causal in neural tube defects, and may contribute to ASD risk.

    “Deficiencies in maternal zinc during pregnancy can be harmful to fetal development having been identified as causal in neural tube defects and as possibly contributing to ASD risk [168, 169].”

    From The contribution of environmental exposure to the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (2019) · cites this paper as [168]

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Velie, E. M., Block, G., Shaw, G. M., Samuels, S. J., Schaffer, D. M., & Kulldorff, M.
Affiliations
  • University of California, Berkeley (US)
  • University of California, Davis (US)
  • Kaiser Permanente (US)
  • National Institutes of Health (US)
ORCID
Venue
American Journal of Epidemiology
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
1999-09-15
Volume
150
Issue
6
Pages
605-616
ISSN
  • 0002-9262 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-6256
DOI
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010059
OpenAlex
W2122678034
Cited by
107
References
35
Citations by year
2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 4
FWCI
3.16
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • American Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Trace Elements in Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Folate and B Vitamins Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Spinal Dysraphism and Malformations
Keywords
neural tube defects, dietary zinc, phytic acid, zinc absorption, animal products, folic acid, prenatal nutrition, birth defects risk
MeSH terms
California, Diet, Ethnicity, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Neural Tube Defects, Pregnancy, Vitamins, Zinc, Effect Modifier, Epidemiologic, Body Mass Index, Chi-Square Distribution, Likelihood Functions, Case-Control Studies, Preconception Care, Dietary Supplements

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review