The DOI matches its Crossref record; 43 of the 43 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Selection of Controls in Case-Control Studies: III. Design Options
Abstract
Several design options available in the planning stage of case-control studies are examined. Topics covered include matching, control/case ratio, choice of nested case-control or case-cohort design, two-stage sampling, and other methods that can be used for control selection. The effect of potential problems in obtaining comparable accuracy of exposure is also examined. A discussion of the difficulty in meeting the principles of study base, deconfounding, and comparable accuracy (S. Wacholder et al. Am J Epidemiol 1992;135:1019-28) in a single study completes this series of papers.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Statistical Methods in Cancer Research
Breslow, N. E. (1980) · Cited by 7,332
Statistical methods in cancer research. Volume I - The analysis of case-control studies.
Breslow, N. E., & Day, N. E. (1980) · PubMed · Cited by 4,988
Epidemiology: Principles and Methods
MacMahon, B., & Pugh, T. F. (1970) · Cited by 1,472
A case-cohort design for epidemiologic cohort studies and disease prevention trials
PRENTICE, R. L. (1986) · Biometrika · doi:10.1093/biomet/73.1.1 · Cited by 1,439
Selection of Controls in Case-Control Studies
Wacholder, S., McLaughlin, J. K., Silverman, D. T., & Mandel, J. S. (1992) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116396 · Cited by 998
Self-citationSelection of Controls in Case-Control Studies: II. Types of Controls
Wacholder, S., Silverman, D. T., McLaughlin, J. K., & Mandel, J. S. (1992) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116397 · Cited by 625
Self-citationThe Risk of Breast Cancer after Estrogen and Estrogen–Progestin Replacement
Bergkvist, L., Adami, H.-O., Persson, I., Hoover, R., & Schairer, C. (1989) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198908033210505 · Cited by 613
AGREEMENT BETWEEN QUESTIONNAIRE DATA AND MEDICAL RECORDS
HARLOW, S. D., & LINET, M. S. (1989) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115129 · Cited by 609
Multiplicative Models and Cohort Analysis
Breslow, N. E., Lubin, J. H., Marek, P., & Langholz, B. (1983) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1983.10477915 · Cited by 565
(1985) · Cited by 487
Cited by
Evaluating medication effects outside of clinical trials: new-user designs
Ray, W. A. (2003) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwg231 · Cited by 1,646
Selection of Controls in Case-Control Studies
Wacholder, S., McLaughlin, J. K., Silverman, D. T., & Mandel, J. S. (1992) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116396 · Cited by 998
Self-citationRegistries for Evaluating Patient Outcomes: A User’s Guide
(2020) · doi:10.23970/ahrqepcregistries4 · Cited by 960
Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008) · Encyclopedia of Quantitative Risk Analysis and Assessment · doi:10.1002/9780470061596.risk0599 · Cited by 706
Blockchain and the circular economy: potential tensions and critical reflections from practice
Kouhizadeh, M., Zhu, Q., & Sarkis, J. (2020) · Production Planning & Control · doi:10.1080/09537287.2019.1695925 · Cited by 508
Metadata
- Authors
- Wacholder, S., Silverman, D. T., McLaughlin, J. K., & Mandel, J. S.
- Venue
- American Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1992-05-01
- Volume
- 135
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1042-1050
- ISSN
- 0002-9262 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-6256
- OpenAlex
- W1916801516
- Cited by
- 443
- References
- 43
- FWCI
- 4.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Selection of Controls in Case-Control Studies: III. Design Options. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116398
- The paper
- Wacholder, S., Silverman, D. T., McLaughlin, J. K., & Mandel, J. S. (1992). Selection of Controls in Case-Control Studies: III. Design Options. American Journal of Epidemiology. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116398
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
