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Fish consumption and cardiovascular disease in the physicians’ health study: A prospective study
Abstract
The authors examined the association between dietary intake of fish and omega 3 fatty acids from seafood and the risk of cardiovascular disease in a prospective cohort study of 21,185 US male physicians who are participants in the Physicians' Health Study. In 4 years of follow-up, there were 281 incident cases of total (fatal and nonfatal) myocardial infarction, 173 cases of stroke, and 121 cardiovascular deaths. There was no evidence for association between dietary intake of fish and any cardiovascular endpoint, including myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death. The relative risks of total myocardial infarction, adjusted for age and randomized treatment assignment, for categories of fish intake were: 1.0 for < 1 meal/week (referent), 1.6 (95% confidence interval (Cl) 1.1-2.3) for 1 fish meal/week; 1.4 (95% Cl 1.0-2.0) for 2-4 fish meals/week; and 1.2 (95% Cl 0.6-2.2) for > or = 5 fish meals/week; chi 2 for trend = 0.9, p = 0.34. The relative risks were similar for omega 3 fatty acid intake and for specific types of fish, and did not change after adjustment for history of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, or angina pectoris, parental history of myocardial infarction before age 60 years, obesity, exercise, smoking, alcohol use, saturated fat intake, and vitamin supplement use. These data do not support the hypothesis that moderate fish consumption lowers the risk of cardiovascular disease.
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“In addition, fish, which is an important source of trimethylamine in the diet [50], is not associated with risk of cardiovascular disease in the Physicians’ Health Study [51].”
From Trimethylamine N-oxide: the good, the bad and the unknown. (2016) · cites this paper as [51]
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“In contrast to both of the previously mentioned studies, the Chicago Western Electric Study and the Physicians’ Health Study did not find a significant association between fish consumption and stroke.(20,21) Much of the data on the association between fish consumption and stroke have been on total stroke incidence (is…”
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Campano, C. G. A., MacLeod, M. J., Aucott, L. S., & Thiès, F. (2019) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012815.pub2 · Cited by 9
Dietary Fats and Blood Pressure
Mori, T. A., Burke, V., & Beilin, L. J. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-03961-1.50010-6 · Cited by 13
Tatsuno, I. (2014) · Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy · doi:10.1586/14779072.2014.971756 · Cited by 7
“On the other hand, several observational studies [4,6,7,9,10] demonstrate benefits with fish oil in the prevention of non-fatal MI and acute coronary syndrome, while subsequent large-scale randomized studies demonstrated mixed outcomes, with some demonstrating benefits with fish oil, first and foremost, against CV dea…”
BackgroundJuturu, V., & Gormley, J. J. (2005) · Current Nutrition & Food Science · doi:10.2174/1573401052953249 · Cited by 7
“[69,70] reported that omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil reduced blood pressure (-3.”
BackgroundEffects of Omega‐3 Fatty Acids on Cardiovascular Disease: Summary
Wang, C., Chung, M. K., Lichtenstein, A. H., Balk, E. M., Kupelnick, B., DeVine, D., Lawrence, A., & Lau, J. T. F. (2004) · Cited by 7
Health Aspects of Fish and n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids from Plant and Marine Origin
de Deckere, E. A. M. (2001) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-226-5_13 · Cited by 7
Cash, S. B., Cortus, B., Goddard, E. W., Han, A., Lerohl, M. L., & Lomeli, J. L. (2005) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · doi:10.7939/r3js9h72g · Cited by 8
“In contrast to these findings that noted protective effects, both the Chicago Western Electric Study (Orencia, 1996) and the Physicians’ Health Study (Morris et al., 1995) failed to find any association between reported fish intake and stroke incidence.”
ResultFish consumption, n-3 fatty acids, and coronary heart disease
Kromhout, D. (2005) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198525738.003.0018 · Cited by 7
Fish, n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, and Cardiovascular Disease
McEvoy, C. T., Young, I. S., & Woodside, J. V. (2012) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-894-8_10 · Cited by 7
Marine-derived n-3 fatty acids therapy for stroke
Campano, C. G. A., MacLeod, M. J., Aucott, L. S., & Thiès, F. (2022) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012815.pub3 · Cited by 6
Metadata
- Authors
- Morris, M. C., Manson, J. E., Rosner, B., Buring, J. E., Willett, W. C., & Hennekens, C. H.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Morris, Martha Clare
- ORCID
- Venue
- American Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1995-07-15
- Volume
- 142
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 166-175
- ISSN
- 0002-9262 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-6256
- OpenAlex
- W2271684178
- Cited by
- 268
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 7.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL-34595, HL 26490, R01HL034595)
- National Cancer Institute (CA 34944)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Keywords
- fish consumption, omega-3 fatty acids, seafood, cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiovascular mortality, dietary intake, male physicians, cardiovascular risk
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Diet, Follow-Up Studies, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Multivariate Analysis, Proportional Hazards Models, Seafood
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