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The Shallow Magmatic Plumbing System of the Deccan Traps, Evidence from Plagioclase Megacrysts and Their Host Lavas

Marzoli, Andrea, Renne, Paul R, Andreasen, Rasmus, Spiess, Richard, Chiaradia, Massimo, Ruth, Dawn C S, Tholt, Andrew J, Pande, Kanchan, Costa, Fidel·2022·Journal of Petrology
DOI 10.1093/petrology/egac075
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Abstract

We investigate the shallow plumbing system of the Deccan Traps Large Igneous Province using rock and mineral data from Giant Plagioclase Basalt (GPB) lava flows from around the entire province, but with a focus on the Saurashtra Peninsula, the Malwa Plateau, and the base and top of the Western Ghats (WG) lava pile. GPB lavas in the WG typically occur at the transition between chemically distinct basalt formations. Most GPB samples are evolved basalts, with high Fe and Ti contents, and show major and trace elements and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions generally similar to those of previously studied Deccan basalts. Major element modeling suggests that high-Fe, evolved melts typical of GPB basalts may derive from less evolved Deccan basalts by low-pressure fractional crystallization in a generally dry magmatic plumbing system. The basalts are strongly porphyritic, with 6–25% of mm- to cm-sized plagioclase megacrysts, frequently occurring as crystal clots, plus relatively rare olivine and clinopyroxene. The plagioclase crystals are mostly labradoritic, but some show bytownitic cores (general range of anorthite mol%: 78–55). A common feature is a strong Fe enrichment at the plagioclase rims, indicating interaction with an Fe-rich melt similar to that represented by the matrix compositions (FeOt up to 16–17 wt%). Plagioclase minor and trace elements and Sr isotopic compositions analyzed by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry show evidence of a hybrid and magma mixing origin. In particular, several plagioclase crystals show variable 87Sr/86Sri, which only partially overlaps with the 87Sr/86Sri of the surrounding matrix. Diffusion modeling suggests residence times of decades to centuries for most plagioclase megacrysts. Notably, some plagioclase crystal clots show textural evidence of deformation as recorded by electron back-scatter diffraction analyses and chemical maps, which suggest that the plagioclase megacrysts were deformed in a crystal-rich environment in the presence of melt. We interpret the plagioclase megacrysts as remnants of a crystal mush originally formed in the shallow plumbing system of the Deccan basalts. In this environment, plagioclase acquired a zoned composition due to the arrival of chemically distinct basaltic magmas. Prior to eruption, a rapidly rising but dense Fe-rich magma was capable of disrupting the shallow level crystal mush, remobilizing part of it and carrying a cargo of buoyant plagioclase megacrysts. Our findings suggest that basaltic magmas from the Deccan Traps, and possibly from LIPs in general, are produced within complex transcrustal magmatic plumbing systems with widespread crystal mushes developed in the shallow crust.

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Metadata

Authors
Marzoli, A., Renne, P. R., Andreasen, R., Spiess, R., Chiaradia, M., Ruth, D. C. S., Tholt, A. J., Pande, K., & Costa, F.
Affiliations
  • Università di Padova Dipartimento Territorio e Sistemi Agro-Forestali, , via dell'Università 16, 35020-Legnaro, Italy
  • Berkeley Geochronology Center , 2455 Ridge Road Berkeley, CA 94709, USA
  • Geosciences Department , Høegh-Guldbergsgade 2, Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark
  • Università di Padova Geosciences Department, , via G. Gradenigo 6, 35100-Padova, Italy
  • Université de Gèneve Department of Earth Sciences, , Rue des Maraîchers 13 CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland
  • U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Science Center , 345 Middlefield Road, MS 910, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
  • Indian Institute of Technology Department of Earth Sciences, , Bombay Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
  • Universite de Paris Cité Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, , 1 rue Jussieu, 75238 Paris, France
Venue
Journal of Petrology
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2022-08-03
Volume
63
Issue
9
ISSN
  • 0022-3530
  • 1460-2415
DOI
10.1093/petrology/egac075
Cited by
20
References
4
Language
en
Licence
academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Shallow Magmatic Plumbing System of the Deccan Traps, Evidence from Plagioclase Megacrysts and Their Host Lavas. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/petrology/egac075
The paper
Marzoli, A., Renne, P. R., Andreasen, R., Spiess, R., Chiaradia, M., Ruth, D. C. S., Tholt, A. J., Pande, K., & Costa, F. (2022). The Shallow Magmatic Plumbing System of the Deccan Traps, Evidence from Plagioclase Megacrysts and Their Host Lavas. Journal of Petrology. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egac075