Green light exposure improves pain and quality of life in fibromyalgia patients: a preliminary one-way crossover clinical trial.
Open accessAbstract
Objective: Fibromyalgia is a functional pain disorder in which patients suffer from widespread pain and poor quality of life. Fibromyalgia pain and its impact on quality of life are not effectively managed with current therapeutics. Previously, in a preclinical rat study, we demonstrated that exposure to green light-emitting diodes (GLED) for 8 hours/day for 5 days resulted in antinociception and reversal of thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity associated with models of injury-related pain. Given the safety of GLED and the ease of its use, our objective is to administer GLED as a potential therapy to patients with fibromyalgia. Design: One-way crossover clinical trial. Setting: United States. Method: We enrolled 21 adult patients with fibromyalgia recruited from the University of Arizona chronic pain clinic who were initially exposed to white light-emitting diodes and then were crossed over to GLED for 1 to 2 hours daily for 10 weeks. Data were collected by using paper surveys. Results: When patients were exposed to GLED, but not white light-emitting diodes, they reported a significant reduction in average pain intensity on the 10-point numeric pain scale. Secondary outcomes were assessed by using the EQ-5D-5L survey, Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, and Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire and were also significantly improved in patients exposed to GLED. GLED therapy was not associated with any measured side effects in these patients. Conclusion: Although the mechanism by which GLED elicits pain reduction is currently being studied, these results supporting its efficacy and safety merit a larger clinical trial.
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The primary role of green light is to alleviate chronic pain by increasing levels of endogenous opioids.
“The primary role of green light is to alleviate chronic pain by increasing the levels of endogenous opioids.[44,45]”
From Effectiveness of visible light for seasonal affective disorder: A systematic review and network meta-analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [45]
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- Authors
- Martin, L., Porreca, F., Mata, E. I., Salloum, M., Goel, V., Gunnala, P., Killgore, W. D. S., Jain, S., Jones-MacFarland, F. N., Khanna, R., Patwardhan, A., & Ibrahim, M. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Arizona (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ibrahim, Mohab M
- ORCID
- Venue
- Pain Medicine
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2020-11-06
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 118-130
- ISSN
- 1526-2375 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-4637
- PMC
- PMC7861466
- OpenAlex
- W3097003511
- Cited by
- 62
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8
- FWCI
- 4.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- Pain Medicine (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (R01AT009716)
- Comprehensive Chronic Pain and Addiction Center-University of Arizona (University of Arizona CHiLLi initiative)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Laser Applications in Dentistry and Medicine
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Keywords
- fibromyalgia, green light-emitting diodes, phototherapy, pain intensity, quality of life, antinociception, chronic widespread pain, white LEDs
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Animals, Fibromyalgia, Humans, Pain, Pain Measurement, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Treatment Outcome, Rats
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