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Long-lasting antinociceptive effects of green light in acute and chronic pain in rats.

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Ibrahim, Mohab M., Patwardhan, Amol, Gilbraith, Kerry B., Moutal, Aubin, Yang, Xiaofang, Chew, Lindsey A., Largent-Milnes, Tally, Malan, T. Philip, Vanderah, Todd W., Porreca, Frank, Khanna, Rajesh·2017·Pain
DOI 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000767PMC PMC5242385
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Abstract

Treatments for chronic pain are inadequate, and new options are needed. Nonpharmaceutical approaches are especially attractive with many potential advantages including safety. Light therapy has been suggested to be beneficial in certain medical conditions such as depression, but this approach remains to be explored for modulation of pain. We investigated the effects of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), in the visible spectrum, on acute sensory thresholds in naive rats as well as in experimental neuropathic pain. Rats receiving green LED light (wavelength 525 nm, 8 h/d) showed significantly increased paw withdrawal latency to a noxious thermal stimulus; this antinociceptive effect persisted for 4 days after termination of last exposure without development of tolerance. No apparent side effects were noted and motor performance was not impaired. Despite LED exposure, opaque contact lenses prevented antinociception. Rats fitted with green contact lenses exposed to room light exhibited antinociception arguing for a role of the visual system. Antinociception was not due to stress/anxiety but likely due to increased enkephalins expression in the spinal cord. Naloxone reversed the antinociception, suggesting involvement of central opioid circuits. Rostral ventromedial medulla inactivation prevented expression of light-induced antinociception suggesting engagement of descending inhibition. Green LED exposure also reversed thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia in rats with spinal nerve ligation. Pharmacological and proteomic profiling of dorsal root ganglion neurons from green LED-exposed rats identified changes in calcium channel activity, including a decrease in the N-type (CaV2.2) channel, a primary analgesic target. Thus, green LED therapy may represent a novel, nonpharmacological approach for managing pain.

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Metadata

Authors
Ibrahim, M. M., Patwardhan, A., Gilbraith, K. B., Moutal, A., Yang, X., Chew, L. A., Largent-Milnes, T., Malan, T. P., Vanderah, T. W., Porreca, F., & Khanna, R.
Affiliations
  • University of Arizona (US)
  • Anesthesiology and
  • Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
Corresponding author
Ibrahim, Mohab M.
ORCID
Venue
Pain
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2016-11-19
Volume
158
Issue
2
Pages
347-360
ISSN
  • 0304-3959 (ISSN-L)
  • 1872-6623
DOI
10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000767
PMC
PMC5242385
OpenAlex
W2558957680
Cited by
123
References
6
Citations by year
2026: 16 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 2
FWCI
6.17
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Pain (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona) (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • Children's Tumor Foundation (NF1 Synodos)
  • University of Arizona
  • Health Sciences, University of Arizona
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse (K02DA018717, R01DA034975)
  • National Cancer Institute (P30CA023074)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Laser Applications in Dentistry and Medicine
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
Keywords
light-emitting diodes, antinociception, chronic pain, neuropathic pain, spinal nerve ligation, visual system, enkephalin, naloxone, rostral ventromedial medulla, descending inhibition, dorsal root ganglion neurons, N-type calcium channels, CaV2.2, thermal hyperalgesia, mechanical hyperalgesia, non-pharmacological pain management
MeSH terms
Analgesics, Animals, Color, Disease Models, Animal, Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, Female, Ganglia, Spinal, Male, Medulla Oblongata, Naloxone, Narcotic Antagonists, Phototherapy, Physical Stimulation, Reaction Time, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Pain Threshold, Rats, Long-Evans, Posterior Horn Cells, Calcium Channels, N-Type, Rats, Chronic Pain

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