Cited by 596Protein Structure and DynamicsProtein Interaction Studies and Fluorescence AnalysisEnzyme Structure and Function

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Folding funnels and binding mechanisms

Ma, Buyong, Kumar, Sandeep, Tsai, Chung-Jung, Nussinov, Ruth·1999·Protein Engineering, Design and Selection

DOI 10.1093/protein/12.9.713

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Abstract

The long-held views on lock-and-key versus induced fit in binding arose from the notion that a protein exists in a single, most stable conformation, dictated by its sequence. However, in solution proteins exist in a range of conformations, which may be described by statistical mechanical laws and their populations follow statistical distributions. Upon binding, the equilibrium will shift in favor of the bound conformation from the ensemble of conformations around the bottom of the folding funnel. Hence here we extend the implications and the usefulness of the folding funnel concept to explain fundamental binding mechanisms.

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Authors: Ma, B., Kumar, S., Tsai, C.-J., & Nussinov, R.
Affiliations: National Institutes of Health (US)
National Cancer Institute (US)
ORCID: Ma, Buyong
Kumar, Sandeep
Tsai, Chung-Jung
Nussinov, Ruth
Venue: Protein Engineering, Design and Selection
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 1999-09
Volume: 12
Issue: 9
Pages: 713-720
ISSN: 0269-2139 (ISSN-L)
1741-0134
1741-0126
DOI: 10.1093/protein/12.9.713
OpenAlex: W2123529526
Cited by: 594
References: 75
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 26
FWCI: 0.70
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Protein Engineering Design and Selection (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Israel Science Foundation
Tel Aviv University
National Institutes of Health (n01co056000-057, NO1-CO-56000, CO-56000)
National Cancer Institute (N01 CO 56000, NO1CO56000)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Structure and Dynamics
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Interaction Studies and Fluorescence Analysis
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Structural Biology › Enzyme Structure and Function
Keywords: folding funnel, protein binding mechanism, induced fit, lock-and-key model, protein conformational ensembles, conformational statistics, binding equilibrium, protein folding
MeSH terms: Peptides, Protein Binding, Protein Conformation, Proteins, Protein Folding

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