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Mental health in the COVID-19 pandemic
Open accessAbstract
During any outbreak of an infectious disease, the population’s psychological reactions play a critical role in shaping both spread of the disease and the occurrence of emotional distress and social disorder during and after the outbreak. Despite this fact, sufficient resources are typically not provided to manage or attenuate pandemics’ effects on mental health and wellbeing.1 While this might be understandable in the acute phase of an outbreak, when health systems prioritize testing, reducing transmission and critical patient care, psychological and psychiatric needs should not be overlooked during any phase of pandemic management. There are many reasons for this. It is known that psychological factors play an important role in adherence to public health measures (such as vaccination) and in how people cope with the threat of infection and consequent losses.1 These are clearly crucial issues to consider in the management of any infectious disease, including COVID-19. Psychological reactions to pandemics include maladaptive behaviours, emotional distress and defensive responses.1 People who are prone to psychological problems are especially vulnerable. All of these features are in clear evidence during the current COVID-19 pandemic. One study of 1210 respondents from 194 cities in China in January and February 2020 found that 54% of respondents rated the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak as moderate or severe; 29% reported moderate to severe anxiety symptoms; and 17% reported moderate to severe depressive symptoms.2 Notwithstanding possible response bias, these are very high proportions—and it is likely that some people are at even greater risk. During the 2009 H1N1 influenza outbreak (‘swine flu’), a study of mental health patients found that children and patients with neurotic and somatoform disorders were significantly over-represented among those expressing moderate or severe concerns.3 Against this background, and as the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread around the world, we hypothesize a number of psychological impacts that merit consideration now rather than later. In the first instance, it should be recognized that, even in the normal course of events, people with established mental illness have a lower life expectancy and poorer physical health outcomes than the general population.4 As a result, people with pre-existing mental health and substance use disorders will be at increased risk of infection with COVID-19, increased risk of having problems accessing testing and treatment and increased risk of negative physical and psychological effects stemming from the pandemic. Second, we anticipate a considerable increase in anxiety and depressive symptoms among people who do not have pre-existing mental health conditions, with some experiencing post-traumatic stress disorder in due course. There is already evidence that this possibility has been under-recognized in China during the current pandemic.5 Third, it can be anticipated that health and social care professionals will be at particular risk of psychological symptoms, especially if they work in public health, primary care, emergency services, emergency departments and intensive or critical care. The World Health Organization has formally recognized this risk to healthcare workers,6 so more needs to be done to manage anxiety and stress in this group and, in the longer term, help prevent burnout, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. There are several steps that can and should be taken now to minimize the psychological and psychiatric effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. First, while it might be ostensibly attractive to re-deploy mental health professionals to work in other areas of healthcare, this should be avoided. Such a move would almost certainly worsen outcomes overall and place people with mental illness at disproportionate risk of deteriorations in physical and mental health. If anything, this group needs enhanced care at this time. Second, we recommend the provision of targeted psychological interventions for communities affected by COVID-19, particular supports for people at high risk of psychological morbidity, enhanced awareness and diagnosis of mental disorders (especially in primary care and emergency departments) and improved access to psychological interventions (especially those delivered online and through smartphone technologies).7 These measures can help diminish or prevent future psychiatric morbidity. Finally, there is a need for particular focus on frontline workers including, but not limited to, healthcare staff. In the USA, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention offer valuable advice for healthcare workers in order to reduce secondary traumatic stress reactions, including increased awareness of symptoms, taking breaks from work, engaging in self-care, taking breaks from media coverage and asking for help.8 This kind of advice needs to be underpinned by awareness of this risk among employers, enh
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“Health professionals often experience high levels of sustained stress that constitute a risk for developing mental health problems, as recognized by the World Health Organization [1,2].”
From Effectiveness of a Web-Based Self-Guided Intervention (MINDxYOU) for Reducing Stress and Promoting Mental Health Among Health Professionals: Results From a Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomized Trial (2025) · cites this paper as [1]
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“mental health has been characterized by decreases in positive emotions and quality of life [5,6,7,8] as well as increases in negative emotions, anxiety, fear, stress, depression, and sleep disturbances [8,9,10,11,12,13,14].”
From At the Peak of the Second Wave of COVID-19, Did Millennials Show Different Emotional Responses from Older Adults? (2022) · cites this paper as [9]
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“recent reports in the UK suggest that one in three NHS staff suffered mental health issues related to the pandemic (Al-Ghunaim et al., 2021; Cullen et al., 2020; Pfefferbaum et al., 2020).”
From Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: exploring the role of psychological flexibility and stress-related variables. (2023) · cites this paper as Cullen et al., 2020
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“At the same time, evidence is mounting of potentially long-lasting consequences of the pandemic on mental health, with young people identified as particularly vulnerable—although the evidence is still not definitive.2, 21, 24, 25, 26, 27”
From Psychological responses, mental health, and sense of agency for the dual challenges of climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic in young people in the UK: an online survey study (2022) · cites this paper as [24]
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“as mentioned by Cullen, Gulati, and Kelly (2020) [9], those reactions are critical in “shaping both spread of the disease and the occurrence of emotional distress during and after the outbreak”.”
From At the Peak of the Second Wave of COVID-19, Did Millennials Show Different Emotional Responses from Older Adults? (2022) · cites this paper as [9]
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Cites
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“2 Notwithstanding possible response bias, these are very high proportions-and it is likely that some people are at even greater risk.”
BackgroundPsychological interventions for people affected by the COVID-19 epidemic
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“4 As a result, people with pre-existing mental health and substance use disorders will be at increased risk of infection with Covid-19, increased risk of having problems accessing testing and treatment and increased risk of negative physical and psychological effects stemming from the pandemic.”
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“…mental health has become one of the priority issues in public health and society, along with the ongoing global combat to develop life-saving prevention and treatment protocols for COVID-19 as new mutations of the virus continue to emerge (e.g. Cullen et al., 2020; Pfefferbaum and North, 2020).”
BackgroundYang, Y., Kim, H., Kang, M.-J., Baik, H., Choi, Y.-S., Jang, E.-J., Chang, E.-J., Yun, S. Y., Park, M., Park, E., et al. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-49702-0 · Cited by 27
The pandemic’s unseen wounds: COVID-19’s profound effects on mental health
Chaudhary, R., Rohilla, M., Chauhan, S., Saini, M., Aman, S., Singla, H., Bibi, A., Ahmed, M. S., Shriwastav, S., Kaur, N., et al. (2023) · Annals of Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.1097/ms9.0000000000001223 · Cited by 25
“The recent COVID-19 outbreak has increased mental health problems in communities [22] .”
Calzavara‐Pinton, I., Nibbio, G., Barlati, S., Bertoni, L., Necchini, N., Zardini, D., Baglioni, A., Paolini, S., Poddighe, L., Bulgari, V., et al. (2024) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci14080791 · Cited by 23
Interventions to Optimise Mental Health Outcomes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review
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The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health among population
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“During an infectious disease outbreak, people inevitably experience negative emotions (Cullen et al., 2020).”
BackgroundAdar, T., Davidof, M., & Elkana, O. (2022) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v14040693 · Cited by 25
Akgül, G., & Ergin, D. A. (2022) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.22716 · Cited by 21
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Estudio del impacto emocional de la pandemia por COVID-19 en niños de 7 a 15 años de Sevilla
Quero, L., Montero-Galvache, M. Á. M., Molinari, P. D. L., Aguilar, R. E., & Coronel‐Rodríguez, C. (2021) · Revista de Psiquiatría Infanto-Juvenil · doi:10.31766/revpsij.v38n1a4 · Cited by 29
“1 45 (41,8-48,2) 43 (40,1-45,4) 43,4(40,6-46,3) 48,3(42,4-47,9) 45,2(42,4-47,9)”
BackgroundMohamed, A. E., & Yousef, A. M. (2021) · Middle East Current Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s43045-021-00105-9 · Cited by 20
“Early literature investigated the respiratory manifestations of COVID-19 patients; nevertheless, evolving data indicate that neuropsychiatric illnesses have been elevated in a significant number of patients, particularly those with severe infection [4, 5].”
BackgroundEstrela, M. C. A., de Oliveira, M. H. M., de Souza, N. C. R., & Estrela, C. R. D. A. (2021) · Brazilian Journal of Development · doi:10.34117/bjdv7n6-349 · Cited by 20
Javellana, M., Hlubocky, F. J., Somasegar, S., Sorkin, M., Kurnit, K. C., Jani, I., Stock, E. C., Mills, K., Lengyel, E. R., & Lee, N. K. (2022) · JCO Oncology Practice · doi:10.1200/op.21.00514 · Cited by 20
“Unfortunately, the psychologic care that these patients could benefit from is frequently overlooked and under prioritized during pandemics.(6) The combination of pandemic-induced anxiety and physical separation from close friends and family and potential effects of the loss of in-person cancer support groups and other…”
BackgroundÇelik, Ü., Çelık, K., Çelik, S., Abayli, H., Can-Şahna, K., Tonbak, Ş., Toraman, Z. A., & Oral, A. (2020) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/d0ra09083b · Cited by 20
The Long-Term Mental Health Effects of COVID-19
Iqbal, S., Li, B., Onigu-Otite, E., Naqvi, M. F., & Shah, A. A. (2020) · Psychiatric Annals · doi:10.3928/00485713-20201103-01 · Cited by 20
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“Despite the clear increased need, the lockdowns have affected access to mental, many of which have closed with acute health services prioritising treating COVID-19 cases, particularly in countries with high infection rates (54).”
BackgroundPandemics and consumers' mental well‐being
Minton, E. A. (2022) · Journal of Consumer Affairs · doi:10.1111/joca.12444 · Cited by 19
“Very recent research coming out on the COVID-19 pandemic suggests many negative influences of the pandemic on mental well-being (Cullen et al., 2020; Holmes et al., 2020; Usher et al., 2020).”
BackgroundPeople with intellectual disabilities and the COVID-19 pandemic
Gulati, G. M., Fistein, E., Dunne, C. P., Kelly, B. D., & Murphy, V. E. (2020) · Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/ipm.2020.66 · Cited by 19
Self-citationMustaffa, N. B. (2020) · Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) · doi:10.47405/mjssh.v5i11.553 · Cited by 19
Chou, W., Wang, P., Chen, S., Chang, Y., Wu, C.-F., Lu, W.-H., & Yen, C. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17249329 · Cited by 19
Toledo-Fernández, A., Ocampo, D. B., & González-González, A. (2021) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs11050076 · Cited by 19
“As suggested early in the literature concerning this pandemic [3,24], it is of crucial importance to keep monitoring the mental health of populations in order to allocate health care resources.”
BackgroundAnxiety sensitivity prospectively predicts pandemic-related distress
Schmidt, N. B., Morabito, D. M., Mathes, B. M., & Martin, A. D. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.124 · Cited by 19
Destructive Role of COVID-19 Fear on Nurses Performance: Mediating Role of Stress
Yousaf, Z., Nassani, A. A., & Haffar, M. (2021) · Nursing Reports · doi:10.3390/nursrep11040087 · Cited by 26
“At present, the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic are, and the psychological effects of COVID-19 have also received great attention from academics and researchers [22].”
BackgroundDanquah, E., & Asiamah, N. (2022) · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1007/s00420-022-01877-1 · Cited by 20
Yang, X. Y., Peng, S., Yang, T., & Cottrell, R. R. (2021) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyab012 · Cited by 19
Salhi, I., Guemmat, K. E., Qbadou, M., & Mansouri, K. (2021) · Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science · doi:10.11591/ijeecs.v23.i2.pp1200-1211 · Cited by 21
“While this may be understood during the acute stages of a pandemic when healthcare systems prioritize testing, transmission reduction, as well as critical patient care, the psychological and psychological requirements, cannot be neglected at any phase in pandemic management [4].”
BackgroundCelia, G., Cavicchiolo, E., Girelli, L., Limone, P., & Cozzolino, M. (2021) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/capr.12512 · Cited by 25
Mental Health and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Observational Evidence from Malaysia
Tan, E. S. S., Chin, S. A. F. X., Sathapan, M. S. P., Dewi, A. D., Amini, F., Bustami, N. A., Tan, P. Y., Ho, Y. B., & Tan, C. K. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20054046 · Cited by 19
Pang, N. T. P., Tio, V. C. S., Bhupendar Singh, A. S., Tseu, M. W. L., Shoesmith, W. D., Abd Rahim, M. A., & Mohd Kassim, M. A. (2022) · Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy · doi:10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0172 · Cited by 17
Kassaw, C., & Pandey, D. (2020) · Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation and Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s40737-020-00192-7 · Cited by 19
Bowman, C., Branjerdporn, G., Turner, K. A., Kamara, M., Tyagi, N., Reyes, N. J. D., & Stapelberg, N. J. C. (2021) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2021.1886864 · Cited by 19
“Cullen et al. (2020) argued that while it might be seen as necessary to re-deploy mental health professionals to work in other health-care areas, this should be avoided.”
BackgroundInfluentialAkbarpour, S., Nakhostin-Ansari, A., Sadeghniiat‐Haghighi, K., Etesam, F., Alemohammad, Z. B., Aghajani, F., & Najafi, A. (2021) · Iranian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.18502/ijps.v17i1.8046 · Cited by 18
“COVID-19 affects physical health and causes psychological distress among the general population and healthcare workers (HCWs) (7).”
BackgroundNarvaez, R. A. (2022) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103114 · Cited by 19
“The longer-term effects of social isolation, employment and economic uncertainty, sickness and grief, physical separation, and interrupted access to regular health and mental healthcare will resonate throughout people, and the mental health effects of COVID-19 will become more obvious (Cullen et al., 2020; Pfefferbaum…”
Moreta‐Herrera, R., Caycho‐Rodríguez, T., Salinas, A., Jiménez‐Borja, M., Gómez, D. G., & Jiménez‐Mosquera, C. J. (2022) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/00302228221116515 · Cited by 18
“In this context, the pandemic has had signi fi cant effects on the short-term and medium-term mental health of people around the world (Cullen et al., 2020; Lieven, 2021; Magano et al., 2021) and in Ecuador in particular (Zumba-Tello & Moreta-Herrera, 2022).”
Prevalence and determinants of Italian physicians’ burnout in the “post-COVID-19” era
Fiabane, E., Margheritti, S., Aiello, E. N., Magnone, S., Miglioretti, M., Gabanelli, P., & Giorgi, I. (2022) · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1007/s00420-022-01929-6 · Cited by 22
The Effects of a Mindfulness-Based Training in an Elementary School in Germany
Portele, C., & Jansen, P. (2023) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-023-02084-w · Cited by 34
“Cullen et al. (2020) urged the development of measures to mitigate the negative effects of the pandemic.”
Nooripour, R., Ilanloo, H., Naveshki, M., Naveshki, S., Majd, M. A., Sikström, S., & Jafari, F. (2024) · Practice in Clinical Psychology · doi:10.32598/jpcp.12.1.288.9 · Cited by 18
Makhbul, Z. K. M., & Rawshdeh, Z. A. (2021) · International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) · doi:10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20497 · Cited by 19
“The frontliners have a great potential in experiencing a remarkable level of stress [7-9].”
BackgroundDevelopment and validation of COVID-19 Impact Scale
Min, H., Kim, J., Moon, K., Lee, S., Kim, J.-Y., & Ko, Y.-G. (2022) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-022-00793-w · Cited by 20
Lemieux, A. J., Michaud, A.-A. D., Damasse, J., Morin-Major, J.-K., Nguyen, T. N., LESAGE, A. D., & Crocker, A. G. (2020) · Victims & Offenders · doi:10.1080/15564886.2020.1827111 · Cited by 17
Leung, M. M., Arslan, G., & Wong, P. T. P. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.646843 · Cited by 19
Ahmed, S. T., Konjengbam Dollar, S., Basha, S. M., Nasr, E. A., Kamrani, A. Κ., & Aboudaif, M. K. (2021) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.781827 · Cited by 17
“The HCWs are frontline attributes and hence require assistance in evaluating and validating mental health via the main mode of communication now used, i.e., speech signals through digital media platforms and applications and a similar discussion is highlighted in other studies (7, 8).”
Student and Nature Interactions and Their Impact on Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Trevino, J. E., Monsur, M., Lindquist, C. S., & Simpson, C. R. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19095030 · Cited by 17
“Early research published in March 2020 anticipated that many mental health issues would arise during the months following the initial quarantine and shelter-in-place orders, and that they would worsen as these restrictions continued [35,36].”
BackgroundIqbal, M., Ma, J., Ullah, Z., Ahmad, N., bin Ibrahim, M., Waqas, M., & Ahmad, M. (2022) · Social Work in Public Health · doi:10.1080/19371918.2022.2066042 · Cited by 17
“Cullen, Gulati, and Kelly (2020) found that COVID-19 affected the mental and physical health of people in China and they suffered from psychological reactions such as maladaptive behaviors, emotional distress, and defensive responses.”
BackgroundChirumbolo, A., Callea, A., & Urbini, F. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192215225 · Cited by 22
Periferakis, A., Periferakis, A.-T., Troumpata, L., Periferakis, K., Georgatos-Garcia, S., Touriki, G., Dragosloveanu, C. D. M., Căruntu, A., Săvulescu-Fiedler, I., Dragosloveanu, Ş., et al. (2025) · Current Issues in Molecular Biology · doi:10.3390/cimb47030204 · Cited by 21
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KECEMASAN MASYARAKAT SELAMA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Rusman, A. D. P., Umar, F., & Majid, M. (2021) · Jurnal Kesmas (Kesehatan Masyarakat) Khatulistiwa · doi:10.29406/jkmk.v8i1.2554 · Cited by 17
Psychosocial stress and trauma during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Evidence from Bangladesh
Hossain, I., Mehedi, N., Ahmad, I., Ali, I., & Azman, A. (2021) · Asian Social Work and Policy Review · doi:10.1111/aswp.12227 · Cited by 19
“Even insufficient response to manage the pandemic impedes the mental health and well- being of people (Cullen et al., 2020).”
BackgroundTHE EFFECT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIA PROCESS ON THE FAMILY
ÇELİK, Ş., & ÇAK, E. (2021) · Gevher Nesibe Journal IESDR · doi:10.46648/gnj.185 · Cited by 17
Quality evaluation of stress, anxiety and depression apps for COVID-19
Li, L. S. E., Wong, L. L., & Yap, K. Y. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100255 · Cited by 17
“These circumstances have resulted in an increased onset of mental health problems including anxiety and depression (Cullen et al., 2020; Figueroa and Aguilera, 2020; Galea et al., 2020; Ozamiz-Etxebarria et al., 2020; Rajkumar, 2020; Ueda et al., 2020; United Nations, 2020; World Health…”
Cogan, N. A., Archbold, H., Deakin, K., Griffith, B., Berruga, I. S., Smith, S. G., Tanner, G., & Flowers, P. (2022) · International Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/00207411.2022.2056386 · Cited by 17
“…both among healthy individuals and those with preexisting mental health problems (Banks & Xu, 2020; Chatterjee et al., 2020; Chen et al., 2020; Cullen et al., 2020; McElroy et al., 2020; Odani et al., 2022; Robillard et al., 2021; Simblett CONTACT Nicola Cogan nicola.cogan@strath.ac.uk School…”
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Moyo, I., Mavhandu‐Mudzusi, A. H., & Haruzivishe, C. (2022) · Curationis · doi:10.4102/curationis.v45i1.2292 · Cited by 16
“Evidence also highlights that during COVID-19, the provision of quality care depends on the mental well-being of the healthcare service providers (Chersich et al. 2020; Cullen et al. 2020).”
BackgroundHyun, W. I., Son, Y. H., & Jung, S. O. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-13755-z · Cited by 16
Murkar, A., Kendzerska, T., Shlik, J., Quilty, L. C., Saad, M., & Robillard, R. (2022) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04185-7 · Cited by 18
A global portrait of expressed mental health signals towards COVID-19 in social media space
Wang, S., Huang, X., Hu, T., She, B., Zhang, M., Wang, R., Gruebner, O., Imran, M., Corcoran, J., Liu, Y., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation · doi:10.1016/j.jag.2022.103160 · Cited by 17
“The COVID-19 pandemic has caused profound impacts on our everyday lives, threatening our mental health (Cullen et al., 2020; John F. Helliwell, 2021).”
Srivastava, S., Khan, M., Kumari, A., & Jain, A. K. (2023) · Journal of Organizational Effectiveness People and Performance · doi:10.1108/joepp-03-2023-0069 · Cited by 16
Nadeem, M. U., Kulich, S. J., & Bokhari, I. H. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1192733 · Cited by 16
“It has also been reported that pandemic distress coupled with certain extreme preventive measures could trigger other pre-existing mental health diseases and even induce novel symptoms in those who previously did not have any mental health issues (10).”
BackgroundBarnett, J., & Pappa, S. (2023) · Patient Preference and Adherence · doi:10.2147/ppa.s410028 · Cited by 17
“…people with mental health problems have a lower life expectancy and poorer physical health outcomes than the general population and are at an increased risk of viral infections, 21,22 therefore ways to reduce the spread of Covid-19 and other viruses to this vulnerable population remain important.”
BackgroundConducting Clinical Trials in the Time of a Pandemic
Beane, J. D., Dedhia, P. H., Ejaz, A. M., Contreras, C. M., Cloyd, J. M., Tsung, A., & Pawlik, T. M. (2020) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/sla.0000000000004114 · Cited by 16
“Although many centers have already experienced their surge of COVID-19 infections and the clinical burden is waning, the psychological impact of the pandemic may linger.(2,4) In addition, as clinical volume and research begin to ramp back up, a strained workforce may result in extended hours for clinical staff.”
BackgroundGhasemi, F., Zarei, M., Heidarimoghadam, R., & Hosseini, S. M. (2021) · Gene Reports · doi:10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101098 · Cited by 16
Algarni, M. A., Alzahrani, M. S., Alatawi, Y. M., Alasmari, R. A., Alsaab, H. O., Almalki, A. H., Alhifany, A. A., & Althobaiti, Y. S. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18126650 · Cited by 16
“Instead, mental health within communities is generally overlooked during the early stages of a pandemic, when managing the spread of infection is prioritized [3].”
BackgroundCOVID-19 ve Psikolojik Etkileri: Klinik Psikoloji Perspektifinden Bir Derleme
Bekaroğlu, E., & Yilmaz, T. (2020) · Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi · doi:10.7816/nesne-08-18-14 · Cited by 22
McMillan, S. S., El‐Den, S., O’Reilly, C. L., Roennfeldt, H., Theodorus, T., Chapman, J., Bailey, K. A., Crump, K., Collins, J. C., Ng, R., et al. (2022) · Health Education Journal · doi:10.1177/00178969221130461 · Cited by 19
“Those living with a mental illness are at increased risk of physical and mental health impacts with challenges accessing testing and treatment, and increases in anxiety and stress levels (Cullen et al., 2020).”
BackgroundTibebu, N. S., Kassie, B. A., Anteneh, T. A., & Rade, B. K. (2022) · Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.1093/trstmh/trac126 · Cited by 17
Lenda, M. L., Skórka, P., Jaźwa, M., Lin, H., Nȩcka, E., Tryjanowski, P., Moroń, D., Knops, J. M. H., & Possingham, H. P. (2023) · Ecology and Society · doi:10.5751/es-14374-280313 · Cited by 15
The Impact of Social Support on the Mental Health of Cancer Patients: Evidence from China
Zhu, W. (2024) · Psycho-Oncologie · doi:10.32604/po.2023.046593 · Cited by 15
Zhang, G., Liu, Q., Lin, J., Lin, Y., Shen, L., & Si, T. (2020) · Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cdtm.2020.12.001 · Cited by 16
“Many patients with COVID-19 experience both physical suffering and great psychological distress.(36,37) Some recent studies published in the Lancet(38) have reported the clinical symptoms of patients infected with COVID-19 and have forecasted the spread of COVID19.”
BackgroundQuarantine, restrictions and mental health in the COVID-19 pandemic
Kelly, B. D. (2020) · QJM · doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcaa322 · Cited by 15
“The COVID-19 pandemic presents challenges to mental as well as physical health.(1) In addition to the illness caused by the virus, there is growing concern over the psychiatric consequences of infection, population anxiety about the pandemic and the possible mental health effects of public health measures such as mass…”
BackgroundSelf-citationFood consumption habits of consumers in the Philippines: Changes amidst the pandemic
Tariga, J. N., Nolasco, D. P., & Barayuga, S. J. R. (2021) · International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) · doi:10.11591/ijphs.v10i3.20823 · Cited by 17
Liu, M., Dufour, G., Sun, Z., Galante, J., Xing, C., Zhan, J., & Wu, L. (2021) · Chinese Journal of Traumatology · doi:10.1016/j.cjtee.2021.05.005 · Cited by 15
Obsessive-compulsive symptoms and reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic
Meșterelu, I., Rîmbu, R., Blaga, P., & Ștefan, S. (2021) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114021 · Cited by 15
Chen, W., Song, S.-Y., & Yap, K.-H. (2021) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.598302 · Cited by 15
Depresión en estudiantes universitarios derivada del Covid-19: un modelo de clasificación
López, C. Q., & Vera, V. D. G. (2021) · Cuadernos Hispanoamericanos de Psicología · doi:10.18270/chps..v21i1.3712 · Cited by 20
The Mental Well-Being of Health Care Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Ariza‐Montes, A., Mahmood, F., Han, H., & Saleem, M. (2021) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000002470 · Cited by 18
“The limited studies published thus far have shown that direct exposure to infected patients with COVID-19 caused panic of infection and led to disturbance of the mental health of health care workers.(13) Other evidence include the following: fear and exhaustion of health care employees due to the workload imposed by C…”
BackgroundBrown, C., Wilkins, K., Craig-Neil, A., Upshaw, T. L., & Pinto, A. D. (2022) · Public health reviews · doi:10.3389/phrs.2021.1604031 · Cited by 18
“Many articles advocated for mental health supports to combat the psychological impacts of containment strategies, including for those with pre-existing mental health conditions [108], pediatric populations [109], healthcare workers [108], individuals with high-exposure occupations [110], and individuals with dementia…”
BackgroundFrailty among Older People during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic in The Netherlands
Sealy, M. J., van der Lucht, F., Munster, B. C. V., Krijnen, W. P., Hobbelen, H. J. S. M., Barf, H., Finnema, E., & Jager‐Wittenaar, H. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19063669 · Cited by 15
“However, restrictions to prevent the spread of the Coronavirus, such as being advised to stay at home or to allow only a limited number of visitors at home, may negatively influence physical well-being and social and mental health in older people [1,5].”
BackgroundMcKenzie, C. T., Kent, M. P., & Volero, A. (2022) · Journal of Dental Education · doi:10.1002/jdd.13080 · Cited by 15
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Psychiatric Sequelae in South Africa: Anxiety and Beyond
Subramaney, U., Kim, A. W., Chetty, I., Chetty, S., Jayrajh, P., Govender, M., Maharaj, P., & Pak, E. (2020) · Wits Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.18772/26180197.2020.v2n2a2 · Cited by 15
Johnston, L., Malcolm, C. A., Rambabu, L., Hockely, J., & Shenkin, S. D. (2021) · Journal of Long-Term Care · doi:10.31389/jltc.66 · Cited by 18
Archives of Community Medicine and Public Health
Hoof, E. V. (2025) · Archives of Community Medicine and Public Health · doi:10.17352/acmph · Cited by 15
Lee, Y. Y., Seet, V. A. L., Chua, Y. C., Verma, S. K., & Subramaniam, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.784569 · Cited by 15
Wallin, A. S., Ohlis, A., Dalman, C., & Ahlen, J. (2022) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2022.02.004 · Cited by 14
“Individuals with mental disorders may be more susceptible to SARSCoV-2 infection and its complications compared to persons without mental disorders [1,2].”
Williams, J., Baer, R. A., Batchelor, M., Crane, R. S., Cullen, C., Wilde, K. D., Fennell, M. J. V., Kantor, L. S., Kirby, J., Ma, S. H., et al. (2022) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-022-01929-0 · Cited by 16
Moustakopoulou, L., Αδαμακίδου, Θ., Plakas, S., Δρακοπούλου, Μ., Apostolara, P., Mantoudi, A., Mastrogiannis, D., Zartaloudi, A., Parissopoulos, S., Koreli, A., et al. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11091234 · Cited by 16
“Protecting older adult’s mental well-being and screening should be a public health priority, since the consequences of poor mental health can be devastating [61,62].”
BackgroundHuman emotional evaluation of ancestral and modern threats: fear, disgust, and anger
Peléšková, Š., Polák, J., Janovcová, M., Chomik, A., Sedláčková, K., Frynta, D., & Landová, E. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1321053 · Cited by 18
“While much attention has been focused on the physical health consequences of the virus, there is growing recognition of the impact of the pandemic on mental health (Cullen et al., 2020).”
BackgroundPozza, A., Ragucci, F., Angelo, N. L., Pugi, D., Cuomo, A., García-Hernández, M. D., Alcázar, A. I. R., Fagiolini, A. M., & Starčević, V. (2024) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.02.031 · Cited by 17
Cloete, A., North, A., Ramlagan, S., Schmidt, T., Makola, L., Chikovore, J., Skinner, D. G., & Reddy, S. P. (2021) · Social Sciences & Humanities Open · doi:10.1016/j.ssaho.2021.100167 · Cited by 14
Lingelbach, K., Piechnik, D., Gado, S., Janssen, D., Eichler, M., Hentschel, L., Knopf, D., Schuler, M. K., Sernatinger, D., & Peißner, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.655083 · Cited by 14
“The questionnaire consists of five dimensions (1) mobility, (2) self-care, (3) usual activities, (4) pain/discomfort, and (5) anxiety/depression.”
BackgroundSchaffler, Y., Gächter, A., Dale, R., Jesser, A., Probst, T., & Pieh, C. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18158218 · Cited by 14
“Previous studies that have examined the impact of the pandemic and the governmentimplemented containment measures on mental health have shown that the pandemic is indeed stressful, including beyond the effects that are directly attributable to the virus such as health and mortality risks [2,13,14].”
BackgroundCOVID-19 Impact Battery: Development and Validation
Schmidt, N. B., Allan, N. P., Koscinski, B., Mathes, B. M., Eackles, K., Accorso, C., Saulnier, K. G., Allan, D. M., Potter, K., Garey, L., et al. (2021) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-021-09919-7 · Cited by 14
“, substance use) are likely to occur in the coming months (Cullen et al., 2020; Holmes et al., 2020; Pfefferbaum & North, 2020; Reger et al., 2020).”
BackgroundShawcroft, J. E., Gale, M., Coyne, S. M., Twenge, J. M., Carroll, J. S., Wilcox, W. B., & James, S. L. (2022) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09898 · Cited by 14
“Nonetheless, healthcare professionals cautioned that COVID-19 could have negative effects on individual’s mental health and urged a renewed emphasis on providing mental health resources alongside efforts to track and contain the virus (Cullen et al., 2020; Pfefferbaum and North, 2020).”
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on household financial asset allocation: A China population study
Jia, H., Fan, S., & Xia, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.990610 · Cited by 16
“, 2021), travel motivations (Wachyuni and Kusumaningrum, 2020), and the impact of mobility restrictions on physical and mental health (Cullen et al., 2020; Savage et al., 2020), few studies have investigated household financial asset allocation, and this study helps explain the impact of the New Coronary Pneumonia epi…”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Cullen, W., Gulati, G., & Kelly, B. D.
- Affiliations
- University College Dublin (IE)
- University of Limerick (IE)
- Trinity College Dublin (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Kelly, B D
- Venue
- QJM: An International Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2020-03-30
- Volume
- 113
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 311-312
- ISSN
- 0033-5622 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2725
- 1460-2393
- PMC
- PMC7184387
- OpenAlex
- W3013698566
- Cited by
- 1,275
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 82 · 2024: 128 · 2023: 257 · 2022: 318 · 2021: 345 · 2020: 114
- FWCI
- 102.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- QJM (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DSPACE System - Metalibrary (University of the Coast) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, mental health, psychological impact of pandemic, anxiety, depressive symptoms, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance use disorders, pre-existing mental illness, infection risk, public health measures, mental health services, China, H1N1 influenza, mental health workforce shortage
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, Anxiety, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Mental Health, Pneumonia, Viral, Stress, Psychological, Coronavirus Infections, Pandemics
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