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Mental health in the COVID-19 pandemic
Open accessAbstract
During any outbreak of an infectious disease, the population’s psychological reactions play a critical role in shaping both spread of the disease and the occurrence of emotional distress and social disorder during and after the outbreak. Despite this fact, sufficient resources are typically not provided to manage or attenuate pandemics’ effects on mental health and wellbeing.1 While this might be understandable in the acute phase of an outbreak, when health systems prioritize testing, reducing transmission and critical patient care, psychological and psychiatric needs should not be overlooked during any phase of pandemic management. There are many reasons for this. It is known that psychological factors play an important role in adherence to public health measures (such as vaccination) and in how people cope with the threat of infection and consequent losses.1 These are clearly crucial issues to consider in the management of any infectious disease, including COVID-19. Psychological reactions to pandemics include maladaptive behaviours, emotional distress and defensive responses.1 People who are prone to psychological problems are especially vulnerable. All of these features are in clear evidence during the current COVID-19 pandemic. One study of 1210 respondents from 194 cities in China in January and February 2020 found that 54% of respondents rated the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak as moderate or severe; 29% reported moderate to severe anxiety symptoms; and 17% reported moderate to severe depressive symptoms.2 Notwithstanding possible response bias, these are very high proportions—and it is likely that some people are at even greater risk. During the 2009 H1N1 influenza outbreak (‘swine flu’), a study of mental health patients found that children and patients with neurotic and somatoform disorders were significantly over-represented among those expressing moderate or severe concerns.3 Against this background, and as the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread around the world, we hypothesize a number of psychological impacts that merit consideration now rather than later. In the first instance, it should be recognized that, even in the normal course of events, people with established mental illness have a lower life expectancy and poorer physical health outcomes than the general population.4 As a result, people with pre-existing mental health and substance use disorders will be at increased risk of infection with COVID-19, increased risk of having problems accessing testing and treatment and increased risk of negative physical and psychological effects stemming from the pandemic. Second, we anticipate a considerable increase in anxiety and depressive symptoms among people who do not have pre-existing mental health conditions, with some experiencing post-traumatic stress disorder in due course. There is already evidence that this possibility has been under-recognized in China during the current pandemic.5 Third, it can be anticipated that health and social care professionals will be at particular risk of psychological symptoms, especially if they work in public health, primary care, emergency services, emergency departments and intensive or critical care. The World Health Organization has formally recognized this risk to healthcare workers,6 so more needs to be done to manage anxiety and stress in this group and, in the longer term, help prevent burnout, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. There are several steps that can and should be taken now to minimize the psychological and psychiatric effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. First, while it might be ostensibly attractive to re-deploy mental health professionals to work in other areas of healthcare, this should be avoided. Such a move would almost certainly worsen outcomes overall and place people with mental illness at disproportionate risk of deteriorations in physical and mental health. If anything, this group needs enhanced care at this time. Second, we recommend the provision of targeted psychological interventions for communities affected by COVID-19, particular supports for people at high risk of psychological morbidity, enhanced awareness and diagnosis of mental disorders (especially in primary care and emergency departments) and improved access to psychological interventions (especially those delivered online and through smartphone technologies).7 These measures can help diminish or prevent future psychiatric morbidity. Finally, there is a need for particular focus on frontline workers including, but not limited to, healthcare staff. In the USA, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention offer valuable advice for healthcare workers in order to reduce secondary traumatic stress reactions, including increased awareness of symptoms, taking breaks from work, engaging in self-care, taking breaks from media coverage and asking for help.8 This kind of advice needs to be underpinned by awareness of this risk among employers, enh
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“Health professionals often experience high levels of sustained stress that constitute a risk for developing mental health problems, as recognized by the World Health Organization [1,2].”
From Effectiveness of a Web-Based Self-Guided Intervention (MINDxYOU) for Reducing Stress and Promoting Mental Health Among Health Professionals: Results From a Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomized Trial (2025) · cites this paper as [1]
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“mental health has been characterized by decreases in positive emotions and quality of life [5,6,7,8] as well as increases in negative emotions, anxiety, fear, stress, depression, and sleep disturbances [8,9,10,11,12,13,14].”
From At the Peak of the Second Wave of COVID-19, Did Millennials Show Different Emotional Responses from Older Adults? (2022) · cites this paper as [9]
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“recent reports in the UK suggest that one in three NHS staff suffered mental health issues related to the pandemic (Al-Ghunaim et al., 2021; Cullen et al., 2020; Pfefferbaum et al., 2020).”
From Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: exploring the role of psychological flexibility and stress-related variables. (2023) · cites this paper as Cullen et al., 2020
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“At the same time, evidence is mounting of potentially long-lasting consequences of the pandemic on mental health, with young people identified as particularly vulnerable—although the evidence is still not definitive.2, 21, 24, 25, 26, 27”
From Psychological responses, mental health, and sense of agency for the dual challenges of climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic in young people in the UK: an online survey study (2022) · cites this paper as [24]
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“as mentioned by Cullen, Gulati, and Kelly (2020) [9], those reactions are critical in “shaping both spread of the disease and the occurrence of emotional distress during and after the outbreak”.”
From At the Peak of the Second Wave of COVID-19, Did Millennials Show Different Emotional Responses from Older Adults? (2022) · cites this paper as [9]
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Cites
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“2 Notwithstanding possible response bias, these are very high proportions-and it is likely that some people are at even greater risk.”
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“4 As a result, people with pre-existing mental health and substance use disorders will be at increased risk of infection with Covid-19, increased risk of having problems accessing testing and treatment and increased risk of negative physical and psychological effects stemming from the pandemic.”
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Effect of COVID-19 crisis on mental health of physiotherapy students
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Traumatic Experience in the Poetry of Corona Virus Pandemic (Covid 19)
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BİLGİ KAYNAKLARININ COVID-19 KORKUSUNA ETKİSİ
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SELECTED NURSING STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC STRESS: COPING AND ACHIEVEMENT STRATEGIES AMIDST COVID-19
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Psychological burden of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic among Egyptian pregnant women
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Miedo al coronavirus y depresión en estudiantes de psicología de Ica
Hernández, K. M. C., Lozano, E. M. B., & Guevara, S. G. V. (2022) · PSIQUEMAG/ Revista Científica Digital de Psicología · doi:10.18050/psiquemag.v11i2.2109 · Cited by 1
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Impact of Covid-19 lockdown on the emotional health of schoolchildren in an urban Indian setting
MATHEW, D. E., John, C. M., John, N. S., Johnson, J., Porchelvan, S., & George, S. (2023) · The National Medical Journal of India · doi:10.25259/nmji_26_21 · Cited by 1
COVID‐19, mental health, and rurality: A pilot study
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Predicting Cyber Security Behaviors Through Psychosocial and Demographic Conditions During COVID-19
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Covıd-19 Sürecinin Dünü, Bugünü, Yarını: Öğretmen Adaylarına Yönelik Bir Durum Çalışması
İhtiyaroğlu, N., & Cemaloğlu, N. (2023) · Cumhuriyet International Journal of Education · doi:10.30703/cije.1251631 · Cited by 1
HUBUNGAN KESIHATAN MENTAL DENGAN MOTIVASI DALAM KALANGAN PALAPES UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA
Najwa, K. (2023) · Jurnal Pembangunan Sosial · doi:10.32890/jps2023.26.6 · Cited by 1
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“Corollary to the aforementioned barriers, the pandemic has escalated these issues by increasing the incidence or worsening of mental disorders [7,56,57].”
BackgroundMental Health and Stigmatization Linked to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Kadiri, S. K., Mundhra, S., & Tiwari, P. K. (2023) · Coronaviruses · doi:10.2174/0126667975250861231005103042 · Cited by 1
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“8 This study is the first to use CBI for measurement of burnout in Nepal and the first one assessing mental health of HCW’s working in rural settings.”
MethodTowards Linking Tool Functionalities to Processes of Collaborative Learning
Simon, S., Marfisi-Schottman, I., & George, S. (2023) · Computer-supported collaborative learning/The Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning Conference · doi:10.22318/cscl2023.112400 · Cited by 1
Understanding the factors affecting mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: An empirical study
Vijayakumar, M., Baisel, A., Subha, S., Senthilkumar, S. N., Sankarakumar, S., Paulmony, R., Vijayalakshmi, R., & Yogeshwaran, M. (2023) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0172890 · Cited by 2
Suicide Attempts in an Italian Population with Cannabis Use Disorders: Results of a Follow-Up Study
Pavarin, R. M., Lia, L., Tugnoli, S., & Caracciolo, S. (2023) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2023.2287674 · Cited by 1
Users’ Experiences with Web-Based Mental Health App During COVID-19
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“The pandemic has also had a significant impact on children and adolescents, causing feelings of depression and maladaptive behaviors (Cullen et al., 2020; O’Sullivan et al., 2021).”
Psychological Toll of COVID-19 Communication Patterns in Malawi
Mhagama, P. (2023) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003425861-11 · Cited by 1
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Impact effects of COVID ‐19 pandemic on chronic disease patients: A longitudinal prospective study
García‐Lara, R. A., Suleiman‐Martos, N., Dominguez‐Vías, G., Romero‐Béjar, J. L., García‐Morales, V., Gómez‐Urquiza, J. L., & Suleiman‐Martos, N. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.17104 · Cited by 1
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“Populations at an increased risk of depression, anxiety, and loneliness experienced greater negative effects due to isolation than people without these mental health conditions (Cullen et al., 2020).”
Turismo, Sustentabilidade e COVID-19
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ASSISTÊNCIA FARMACÊUTICA NO MANEJO DO TRATAMENTO DA TUBERCULOSE PULMONAR EM ADULTOS
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The influence of COVID-19 on intertemporal choices in the health and economy domains
Wang, D., Nie, X., Zhou, Y., Ye, J., Yu, P., Hu, Y., & Jin, X. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31801 · Cited by 3
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Psychological impact of the end of lockdown on the Moroccan population
Benhaddouch, Y., Touhami, Y. O. H., Fares, N. E. H., Benmaamar, S., Ouaati, A., Belfquih, O., Bout, A., Aarab, C., Fakir, S. E., & Aalouane, R. (2024) · L Encéphale · doi:10.1016/j.encep.2024.02.008 · Cited by 1
Risk Groups and Psychosocial Factors for the Pandemic (COVID-19)
Yöyen, E., Sinanoğlu, Ü. D., & Barış, T. G. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12131241 · Cited by 1
“Demographic characteristics [11,12] and personality traits [13,14] are among the individual factors that affect the way individuals are affected by the pandemic.”
BackgroundThe Myth and Reality of Employee Wellbeing in China
Ma, C., & Zhao, S. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-63249-5_7 · Cited by 1
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“In January and February 2020,1210 participants from 194 Chinese cities participated in a study [8] that assessed the psychological effects of the COVID‑19 pandemic.”
Peng, S., Yang, T., & Rockett, I. R. H. (2024) · Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness · doi:10.1017/dmp.2024.292 · Cited by 1
“9 In cognitive science, EPB emanates from people ’ s fear and distorted view of the world.”
Psychosocial correlates of activism engagement among Black women during the 2020 racial unrest
Baker, B. A., Iloka, F., & Flores, V. (2025) · Discover Psychology · doi:10.1007/s44202-025-00361-4 · Cited by 1
Yellamsetty, A., & Shin, M. (2025) · Audiology Research · doi:10.3390/audiolres15050132 · Cited by 1
“Taylor [3] emphasized that the psychological footprint of pandemics can exceed the medical footprint, as emotional responses are often more pervasive and longer-lasting than the infection itself.”
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Mental Health Issues during COVID-19 Pandemic: Directions for Future Research
Qoriah, A., & Husna, A. N. (2020) · International Seminar of Public Health and Education (ISPHE) · doi:10.4108/eai.22-7-2020.2300249 · Cited by 1
“Without proper psychological intervention in community, this would lead to increased risk of infection [33].”
Critical Health Conditions And Mental Health During Pandemic Covid-19
Jaworski, M. (2020) · European Proceedings of Health · doi:10.15405/eph.20101.4 · Cited by 2
“The paper will seek to evaluate the changes experienced among the populations in the country and how these altercations affected their health with a prime focus on those who were previously diagnosed with chronic diseases and mental illnesses, as indicated by Cullen, Gulati, and Kelly (2020).”
BackgroundPsychological Impacts of COVID-19
Singh, S., Dubey, S., Kumar, N., Goyal, M. K., & Pal, I. (2020) · Disaster Resilience and Green Growth · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-7679-9_7 · Cited by 2
Marchand, J. N., Alvarado-Ríos, V., & Llanos, A. P. (2020) · Ágora Revista Científica · doi:10.21679/arc.v7i2.174 · Cited by 1
“Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [revista en Internet] 1987 [acceso 09 de octubre de 2020]; 66(6): 153-158.”
BackgroundPsychological distress during early phase of COVID-19 pandemic among Indian adults
Somani, A., Chandran, S., Satapathy, A., Kumar, A., Farooqui, A. M., Ruben, J. P., Sreedaran, P., & Purkayastha, D. (2020) · Archives of Mental Health · doi:10.4103/amh.amh_53_20 · Cited by 1
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Screening and supporting the mental health of student physiotherapists during the COVID-19 pandemic
Soundy, A., Hemmings, L., & Gardiner, L. (2021) · International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation · doi:10.12968/ijtr.2020.0103 · Cited by 1
IMPACT OF COVID 19 ON HEALTH SECTOR
Jacinth, J. S. (2021) · INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH · doi:10.36106/0403486 · Cited by 1
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COVID-19 Lock Down Impact on Mental Health: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey from Kerala, India
Rajesh, C., Cherappurath, N., Vinod, V., Elayaraja, M., Hussain, S., & Sreelekha, N. (2021) · Algorithms for intelligent systems · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-1574-0_14 · Cited by 1
Assessing body dysmorphic disorder and eating disorders in cosmetic procedure populations
Gorbis, E., & Braverman, R. (2021) · Journal of Aesthetic Nursing · doi:10.12968/joan.2021.10.6.248 · Cited by 1
“It is theorised that, while the isolation is damaging to mental health (Cullen et al, 2020), those with BDD may find relief in the use of face masks in public and incorporate it as a camouflaging behaviour.”
BackgroundDynamic modeling of the Italians' attitude towards Covid‐19
Aliverti, E., & Russo, M. (2022) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.9560 · Cited by 1
“Predictive probabilities for each individual and modalities are computed as in Equation (2), using Monte-Carlo integration, while the final out-of-sample predictions have been obtained selecting the modality with largest probability.”
MethodInfluentialDepression, Anxiety and Fear due to COVID-19 in Pakistan: A Study based on Learning Perspective
Jan, F., Qureshi, M. A., & Hussain, M. M. (2021) · International Journal of Innovation in Teaching and Learning (IJITL) · doi:10.35993/ijitl.v7i1.1816 · Cited by 1
Validation Study of the Manifest Anxiety Scale in Adults for SmartPhone
González-Ramírez, M. L., Yescas, A. A. S., Garćıa-Vázquez, J. P., Padilla-López, A., Galindo-Aldana, G., & del Angel, J. G. (2021) · Mexican International Conference on Computer Science · doi:10.1109/enc53357.2021.9534822 · Cited by 1
Rodrigues, P. C. L., & Borges, A. P. (2021) · Advances in human services and public health (AHSPH) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-8674-7.ch021 · Cited by 1
Семенова, Л. Э., Semenova, V. E., Конева, И. А., & KARPUSHKINA, N. V. (2021) · Vestnik of Minin University · doi:10.26795/2307-1281-2021-9-4-14 · Cited by 1
KAYNAK, K. Ö., & Öztuna, B. (2021) · Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi · doi:10.54558/jiss.959910 · Cited by 1
Jarkiewicz, A. B., & Granosik, M. (2021) · Praca Socjalna · doi:10.5604/01.3001.0015.5797 · Cited by 1
CHANGES IN DANGER PERCEPTION AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF LOCKDOWN DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN WOMEN
Veshchikova, M., & Зверева, Н. В. (2021) · Moscow University Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.11621/vsp.2021.03.02 · Cited by 1
Impact of The Covid -19 Pandemic on Mental Health in Society
Sulistyaningsih, A. (2021) · Muhammadiyah International Public Health and Medicine Proceeding · doi:10.53947/miphmp.v1i1.69 · Cited by 1
Psychotherapists Working in Private Practice During a Pandemic: A Literature Review
Duquette, C., & Morgan, S. M. (2021) · Westcliff International Journal of Applied Research · doi:10.47670/wuwijar202151cdsm · Cited by 2
Perspective Chapter: Psychological Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic
Değer, V. B. (2022) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.101498 · Cited by 1
Covid-19 et pratiques professionnelles dans les milieux institutionnels fermés
Michaud, A.-A. D., Lemieux, A. J., Dufour, M., Plante, L., & Crocker, A. G. (2022) · Santé Publique · doi:10.3917/spub.pr1.0006 · Cited by 1
Fluvoxamine in the Treatment of Patients with COVID-19
Ассанович, М. А. (2021) · Психиатрия психотерапия и клиническая психология · doi:10.34883/pi.2021.12.2.007 · Cited by 1
Calleja, N., González, C. M., & Mercado-Ruiz, A. A. (2022) · Revista de Psicología de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México · doi:10.36677/rpsicologia.v11i23.18047 · Cited by 1
COVID-19 et pratiques professionnelles dans les milieux institutionnels fermés
Michaud, A.-A. D., Lemieux, A. J., Dufour, M., Plante, L., & Crocker, A. G. (2022) · Santé Publique · doi:10.3917/spub.216.0979 · Cited by 1
Syarifah, A. (2022) · Ensiklopedia of Journal · doi:10.33559/eoj.v4i3.681 · Cited by 1
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COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecinde KOAH Olan Bireylerin Yaşam Deneyimleri: Nitel Bir Çalışma
Bakan, G. (2021) · Journal of General Health Sciences (JGEHES) Necmettin Erbakan University · doi:10.51123/jgehes.2021.29 · Cited by 1
Grant, N. J., Byrd, R., Forlano, R., Olsen, S., Youins, R., Sernyak, M. J., Fulara, D., & Kaufman, J. S. (2022) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.22864 · Cited by 1
Evaporation and Precipitation Dynamics of a Respiratory Droplet
Saha, A., Majee, S., Chaudhuri, S., & Basu, S. (2022) · Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks · doi:10.1039/9781839161186-00191 · Cited by 1
Measuring The Burden of Covid-19 In A Tertiary Care Hospital, Swat, Pakistan
Imran, T., Hanan, F., Khan, W., Ullah, N., Imran, N., Lal, A., Ahmad, I., & Ullah, I. (2022) · Pakistan BioMedical Journal · doi:10.54393/pbmj.v5i7.664 · Cited by 1
Yao, J.-H., Irshad, M. J., Irshad, M., Khalil, I., Zahoor, S., Akram, M., Saeed, M. M., Sales, A. J., Elbossaty, W., Said, M., et al. (2022) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000029485 · Cited by 1
White, A. J., & LaBelle, S. (2022) · Southern Communication Journal · doi:10.1080/1041794x.2022.2108890 · Cited by 1
“The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health is of course not limited to college students, and research has indicated a dramatic increase in reported mental illness indicators (such as depression, anxiety, and stress) in the general population (Cullen et al., 2020).”
BackgroundShchetinina, A. M., Ivanov, V. P., Kim, A. V., Ivanova, G. G., Алексеевна, М. В., & Alekseeva, T. M. (2022) · Russian Journal of Child Neurology · doi:10.17650/2073-8803-2022-17-2-47-54 · Cited by 1
Mally, M. G., & Samsudin, N. H. (2022) · Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) · doi:10.47405/mjssh.v7i10.1812 · Cited by 1
Hubungan tingkat religiusitas dan tingkat kecemasan mahasiswa keperawatan selama pandemi COVID-19
Tumanggor, R. D., & Nasution, N. H. (2022) · Tropical Public Health Journal · doi:10.32734/trophico.v2i2.8810 · Cited by 1
Responses to COVID-19 Threats: an Evolutionary Psychological Analysis
Colarelli, S. M., Mirando, T. J., Han, K., Li, N. P., Vespi, C., Klein, K. A., & Fales, C. P. (2022) · Evolutionary Psychological Science · doi:10.1007/s40806-022-00348-7 · Cited by 1
“Mental health symptoms were one of the few – albeit indirect – indicators of how people were responding to the pandemic and to public health information (Cullen et al., 2020; McGinty, 2020; Pfefferbaum & North, 2020).”
BackgroundFirst access to mental health services during COVID-19 pandemic: A multicenter study
Petri, E., Nardoni, C., Fui, E., Gulino, E., Abdelghani, L., Barone, R., Miragoli, P., Cardamone, G., & Ciberti, A. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100460 · Cited by 1
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da Costa, C. P. D. N., Pinto, P. B. D. S., Costa, R. D. S. D., & Bouzada, M. A. C. (2022) · Revista de Gestão e Secretariado (Management and Administrative Professional Review) · doi:10.7769/gesec.v13i4.1469 · Cited by 1
Age, Anxiety, Stress, and Depression Associated with Eating Problems During COVID-19
Júnior, J. R. A. D. N., Freire, G. L. M., Gonçalves, M. P., de Oliveira, D. V., de Moraes, J. F. V. N., & Fidélix, Y. L. (2023) · Psicologia - Teoria e Prática · doi:10.5935/1980-6906/eptppa14516.en
Nahidi, M., Ghalandarzadeh, M., Sinichi, F., Sahebzadeh, N., Eslami, S., Reihani, H., Emadzadeh, M., & Bordbar, M. R. F. (2022) · International Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/yic.0000000000000444 · Cited by 1
“Frontline healthcare providers have also been recognized as an unmistakably distressed population, since not only are they faced with an increased workload and lack of equipment, but they also encounter notable social discrimination and stigma due to their close contact with infected patients (Singh and Subedi, 2020),…”
BackgroundPersonal Situational Activity in Forced Self-Isolation: Socio-Psychological Aspect
Mazilov, V. A., & Белан, Е. А. (2022) · Moscow University Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.11621/vsp.2022.01.07 · Cited by 1
Sun, H. Y., Yan, X. G., & Yoo, B. W. (2023) · INQUIRY The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing · doi:10.1177/00469580231161435 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Cullen, W., Gulati, G., & Kelly, B. D.
- Affiliations
- University College Dublin (IE)
- University of Limerick (IE)
- Trinity College Dublin (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Kelly, B D
- Venue
- QJM: An International Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2020-03-30
- Volume
- 113
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 311-312
- ISSN
- 0033-5622 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2725
- 1460-2393
- PMC
- PMC7184387
- OpenAlex
- W3013698566
- Cited by
- 1,275
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 82 · 2024: 128 · 2023: 257 · 2022: 318 · 2021: 345 · 2020: 114
- FWCI
- 102.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- QJM (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DSPACE System - Metalibrary (University of the Coast) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, mental health, psychological impact of pandemic, anxiety, depressive symptoms, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance use disorders, pre-existing mental illness, infection risk, public health measures, mental health services, China, H1N1 influenza, mental health workforce shortage
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, Anxiety, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Mental Health, Pneumonia, Viral, Stress, Psychological, Coronavirus Infections, Pandemics
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