Waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and body mass index as predictors of adipose tissue compartments in men
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The accumulation of fat in visceral and posterior subcutaneous adipose tissue compartments is highly correlated with the metabolic abnormalities that contribute to increased risk of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. AIM: To determine which of waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index (BMI) was the best predictor of intraperitoneal and posterior subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue mass in men. METHODS: We studied 59 free-living men with a wide range of BMI. WC, WHR and BMI were determined using standard methods. Intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, anterior subcutaneous and posterior subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue masses (IPATM, RPATM, ASAATM and PSAATM, respectively) were quantified using magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: In univariate regression analysis, WC, WHR and BMI were all significantly and positively correlated (all p < 0.05) with IPATM, RPATM, ASAATM and PSAATM. To assess the relative strength of these associations, we used non-nested regression models. There was no significant difference between WC and WHR in predicting IPATM and RPATM; WC was a stronger predictor of ASAATM (p < 0.001) and PSAATM (p < 0.001) than WHR; WC was also a stronger predictor of IPATM (p = 0.042) and RPATM (p = 0.045) than BMI, but the relative strengths of WC and BMI in predicting ASSATM and PSAATM did not different significantly (p > 0.05); there was no significant difference between BMI and WHR in predicting IPATM and RPATM (p>0.05), but BMI was a stronger predictor of ASAATM (p = 0.036) and PSAATM (p < 0.001) than WHR. DISCUSSION: In men WC is the anthropometric index that most uniformly predicts the distribution of adipose tissue among several fat compartments in the abdominal region, there apparently being little value in measuring WHR or BMI.
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Waist circumference assesses abdominal fat, with elevated values associated with a higher risk of metabolic diseases.
“Similarly, waist circumference, also measured with a tape measure, assesses abdominal fat, with elevated values associated with a higher risk of metabolic diseases [69].”
From Advantages and Limitations of the Body Mass Index (BMI) to Assess Adult Obesity (2024) · cites this paper as [69]
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- Authors
- Chan, D. C.
- Affiliations
- The University of Western Australia (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Chan, D.C.
- ORCID
- Chan, D.C.
- Venue
- QJM
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2003-06-01
- Volume
- 96
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 441-447
- ISSN
- 0033-5622 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2393
- OpenAlex
- W2167245895
- Cited by
- 266
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 4.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- QJM (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Royal Perth Hospital Medical Research Foundation
- National Heart Foundation of Australia
- Raine Medical Research Foundation
- Medical Research Council
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, body mass index, body fat distribution, visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue, retroperitoneal adipose tissue, abdominal fat, anthropometric predictors, men
- MeSH terms
- Abdomen, Adipose Tissue, Adult, Body Composition, Body Weights and Measures, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Body Mass Index
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