Assessment of fat-free mass using bioelectrical impedance measurements of the human body

Lukaski, HC; Johnson, PE; Bolonchuk, WW; Lykken, GI

doi:10.1093/ajcn/41.4.810

Cited by 1,896Body Composition Measurement TechniquesElectrical and Bioimpedance TomographyNon-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring

Assessment of fat-free mass using bioelectrical impedance measurements of the human body

Lukaski, HC, Johnson, PE, Bolonchuk, WW, Lykken, GI·1985·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

DOI 10.1093/ajcn/41.4.810

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Abstract

A method which involves the measurement of bioelectrical resistive impedance (R) for the estimation of human body composition is described. This method is based upon the principle that the electrical conductivity of the fat-free tissue mass (FFM) is far greater than that of fat. Determinations of R were made in 37 healthy men aged 28.8 +/- 7.1 yr (mean +/- SD) using an electrical impedance plethysmograph with a four electrode arrangement that introduces a painless signal (800 microA at 50 kHz) into the body. FFM was assessed by hydrodensitometry and ranged from 44.6-98.1 kg. Total body water (TBW) determined by D2O dilution and total body potassium (TBK) from whole body counting were 50.6 +/- 10.3 L and 167.5 +/- 38.1 g, respectively. Test-retest correlation coefficient was 0.99 for a single R measurement and the reliability coefficient for a single R measurement over 5 days was 0.99. Linear relationships were found between R values and FFM (r = -0.86), TBW (r = -0.86), and TBK (r = -0.79). Significant (p less than 0.01) increases in the correlation coefficients were observed when the predictor Ht2/R was regressed against FFM (r = 0.98), TBW (r = 0.95), AND TBK (r = 0.96). These data indicate that the bioelectrical impedance technique is a reliable and valid approach for the estimation of human body composition. This method is safe, noninvasive, provides rapid measurements, requires little operator skill and subject cooperation, and is portable. Further validation of this method is recommended in subjects with abnormal body composition.

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All BIA measurements were performed according to Lukasky.
“All measurements were performed according to Lukasky [14].”
From Body fat measurement by bioelectrical impedance and air displacement plethysmography: a cross-validation study to design bioelectrical impedance equations in Mexican adults (2007) · cites this paper as [14]
The study tested its equations against earlier published BIA equations whose development samples Dioum et al. assumed included at least some black participants.
“Performance of developed equations for the prediction of FFM was also tested using all available data (n=362) against previously published equations derived using participant samples which were assumed by Dioum et al. to consist of at least some ethnically black participants (5, 24–32).”
From Prediction of fat-free mass using bioelectrical impedance analysis in young adults from five populations of African origin (2013) · cites this paper as [29]

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Authors: Lukaski, H., Johnson, P., Bolonchuk, W., & Lykken, G.
Corresponding author: Lukaski, HC
Venue: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1985-04
Volume: 41
Issue: 4
Pages: 810-817
ISSN: 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/41.4.810
OpenAlex: W2109555667
Cited by: 1,896
References: 38
Citations by year: 2026: 32 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 52 · 2015: 50 · 2014: 75 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 53
FWCI: 13.65
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electrical and Bioimpedance Tomography
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
Keywords: fat-free mass, bioimpedance, body composition, total body water, total body potassium, hydrodensitometry, test-retest reliability, plethysmography, healthy men
MeSH terms: Adipose Tissue, Adult, Body Composition, Body Water, Electric Conductivity, Electrochemistry, Electrodes, Humans, Male, Mathematics, Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Potassium

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Assessment of fat-free mass using bioelectrical impedance measurements of the human body

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