The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Differences of Opinion Make a Horse Race
Abstract
A model of trading in speculative markets is developed based on differences of opinion among traders. Our purpose is to explain some of the empirical regularities that have been documented concerning the relationship between volume and price and the time-series properties of price and volume. We assume that traders share common prior beliefs and receive common information but differ in the way in which they interpret this information. Some results are that absolute price changes and volume are positively correlated, consecutive price changes exhibit negative serial correlation, and volume is positively autocorrelated.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Continuous Auctions and Insider Trading
Kyle, A. S. (1985) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/1913210 · Cited by 9,580
Noise Trader Risk in Financial Markets
De Long, J. B., Shleifer, A., Summers, L. H., & Waldmann, R. J. (1990) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/261703 · Cited by 6,234
On the impossibility of informationally efficient markets
Stiglitz, J. E., & Grossman, S. J. (1980) · Columbia University · doi:10.7916/d8765r99 · Cited by 3,645
Why Does Stock Market Volatility Change Over Time?
SCHWERT, G. W. (1989) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.1989.tb02647.x · Cited by 3,427
A Theory of Intraday Patterns: Volume and Price Variability
Admati, A. R., & Pfleiderer, P. (1988) · Review of Financial Studies · doi:10.1093/rfs/1.1.3 · Cited by 3,119
The Information Content of Annual Earnings Announcements
Beaver, W. H. (1968) · Journal of Accounting Research · doi:10.2307/2490070 · Cited by 2,738
The Relation Between Price Changes and Trading Volume: A Survey
Karpoff, J. M. (1987) · The Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis · doi:10.2307/2330874 · Cited by 2,377
Information, trade and common knowledge
Milgrom, P., & Stokey, N. (1982) · Journal of Economic Theory · doi:10.1016/0022-0531(82)90046-1 · Cited by 1,729
The Noise Trader Approach to Finance
Shleifer, A., & Summers, L. H. (1990) · Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/jep.4.2.19 · Cited by 1,630
Speculative Investor Behavior in a Stock Market with Heterogeneous Expectations
Harrison, J. M., & Kreps, D. M. (1978) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.2307/1884166 · Cited by 1,556
Cited by
Boys will be Boys: Gender, Overconfidence, and Common Stock Investment
Barber, B. M., & Odean, T. (2001) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1162/003355301556400 · Cited by 5,276
Asset pricing with liquidity risk
ACHARYA, V, & PEDERSEN, L. (2005) · Journal of Financial Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jfineco.2004.06.007 · Cited by 2,773
Is All That Talk Just Noise? The Information Content of Internet Stock Message Boards
Antweiler, W., & Frank, M. Z. (2004) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.2004.00662.x · Cited by 2,373
Grinblatt, M., & Keloharju, M. (2001) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/0022-1082.00338 · Cited by 1,298
Boys will be Boys: Gender, Overconfidence, and Common Stock Investment
Barber, B. M., & Odean, T. (1998) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.139415 · Cited by 1,083
Metadata
- Authors
- Harris, M., & Raviv, A.
- Venue
- Review of Financial Studies
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1993-07
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 473-506
- ISSN
- 0893-9454 (ISSN-L)
- 1465-7368
- OpenAlex
- W2031796872
- Cited by
- 1,643
- References
- 31
- FWCI
- 26.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Differences of Opinion Make a Horse Race. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/rfs/5.3.473
- The paper
- Harris, M., & Raviv, A. (1993). Differences of Opinion Make a Horse Race. Review of Financial Studies. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/5.3.473
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.