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Neural correlates of long-term intense romantic love
Open accessAbstract
The present study examined the neural correlates of long-term intense romantic love using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Ten women and 7 men married an average of 21.4 years underwent fMRI while viewing facial images of their partner. Control images included a highly familiar acquaintance; a close, long-term friend; and a low-familiar person. Effects specific to the intensely loved, long-term partner were found in: (i) areas of the dopamine-rich reward and basal ganglia system, such as the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and dorsal striatum, consistent with results from early-stage romantic love studies; and (ii) several regions implicated in maternal attachment, such as the globus pallidus (GP), substantia nigra, Raphe nucleus, thalamus, insular cortex, anterior cingulate and posterior cingulate. Correlations of neural activity in regions of interest with widely used questionnaires showed: (i) VTA and caudate responses correlated with romantic love scores and inclusion of other in the self; (ii) GP responses correlated with friendship-based love scores; (iii) hypothalamus and posterior hippocampus responses correlated with sexual frequency; and (iv) caudate, septum/fornix, posterior cingulate and posterior hippocampus responses correlated with obsession. Overall, results suggest that for some individuals the reward-value associated with a long-term partner may be sustained, similar to new love, but also involves brain systems implicated in attachment and pair-bonding.
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“Importantly, three different phases in romantic relationships have been defined that share common biological substrates but also involve different brain systems (11,35,36).”
From Oxytocin enhances brain reward system responses in men viewing the face of their female partner (2013) · cites this paper as [11]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Additionally, the CP is activated in humans when viewing the faces of loved ones, and this activation is correlated with romantic love and passion scores (Bartels and Zeki 2000; Aron et al 2005; Acevedo et al 2012).”
From The behavioral, anatomical and pharmacological parallels between social attachment, love and addiction (2012) · cites this paper as Acevedo et al 2012
In the citing paper
“Neuroimaging studies showed that brain regions implicated in feelings of reward, such as the VTA, NAcc, and caudate that were previously documented in pair bond formation in animal species, are activated during the perception of romantic partner’s face (Acevedo et al. 2012; Aron et al. 2005; Bartels and Zeki 2000; Scheele et al. 2013).”
From A precision medicine approach to oxytocin trials (2017) · cites this paper as Acevedo et al. 2012
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Metadata
- Authors
- Acevedo, B. P., Aron, A., Fisher, H. E., & Brown, L. L.
- Affiliations
- Stony Brook University (US)
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- Venue
- Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2011-01-05
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 145-159
- ISSN
- 1749-5016 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-5024
- PMC
- PMC3277362
- OpenAlex
- W2011594069
- Cited by
- 441
- References
- 103
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 59 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 24.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Stony Brook University
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- romantic love, neural correlates, ventral tegmental area, caudate nucleus, reward systems, maternal attachment, pair bonding, sexual frequency, obsession, self-inclusion
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Brain, Brain Mapping, Dopamine, Emotions, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Love, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Motivation, Obsessive Behavior, Reward, Sexual Behavior, Ventral Tegmental Area
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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