Correlation Between Dopamine D2 Receptors in the Ventral Striatum and Central Processing of Alcohol Cues and Craving
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Alcohol and other drugs of abuse stimulate dopamine release in the ventral striatum, which includes the nucleus accumbens, a core region of the brain reward system, and reinforce substance intake. Chronic alcohol intake is associated with down-regulation of central dopamine D2 receptors, and delayed recovery of D2 receptor sensitivity after detoxification is positively correlated with high risk for relapse. Prolonged D2 receptor dysfunction in the ventral striatum may interfere with a dopamine-dependent error detection signal and bias the brain reward system toward excessive attribution of incentive salience to alcohol-associated stimuli. METHOD: Multimodal imaging, with the radioligand [18F]desmethoxyfallypride and positron emission tomography as well as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), was used to compare 11 detoxified male alcoholics with 13 healthy men. The authors measured the association of D2-like dopamine receptors in the ventral striatum with alcohol craving and central processing of alcohol cues. RESULTS: Activation of the medial prefrontal cortex and striatum by alcohol-associated stimuli, relative to activation by neutral visual stimuli, was greater in the detoxified alcoholics than in the healthy men. The alcoholics displayed less availability of D2-like receptors in the ventral striatum, which was associated with alcohol craving severity and with greater cue-induced activation of the medial prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate as assessed with fMRI. DISCUSSION: In alcoholics, dopaminergic dysfunction in the ventral striatum may attribute incentive salience to alcohol-associated stimuli, so that alcohol cues elicit craving and excessive activation of neural networks associated with attention and behavior control.
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In humans, individuals that abuse cocaine or alcohol show abnormally high dopaminergic activity in the ventral striatum and elevated self-reported craving in response to drug-related cues.
“In humans, studies show that individuals that abuse cocaine or alcohol show abnormally high dopaminergic activity in the ventral striatum and elevated self-reported craving in response to drug-related cues (Heinz et al., 2014; Miedl, Büchel, & Peters, 2014; Volkow et al., 2006).”
From Cued for Risk: Evidence for an Incentive Sensitization Framework to Explain the Interplay between Stress and Anxiety, Substance Abuse, and Reward Uncertainty in Disordered Gambling Behavior (2019) · cites this paper as Heinz et al., 2014
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Self-citationVolkow, N. D., Wang, G.-J., Begleiter, H., Porjesz, B., Fowler, J. S., Telang, F., Wong, C., Ma, Y., Logan, J., Goldstein, R., et al. (2006) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.9.999 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
- Authors
- Heinz, A., Siessmeier, T., Wrase, J., Hermann, D., Klein, S., Grüsser-Sinopoli, S. M., Flor, H., Braus, D. F., Buchholz, H. G., Gründer, G., Schreckenberger, M., Smolka, M. N., Rösch, F., Mann, K., & Bartenstein, P.
- ORCID
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 2004-10-01
- Volume
- 161
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1783-1789
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- OpenAlex
- W4250265709
- Cited by
- 408
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 80 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 5.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- dopamine D2 receptor, ventral striatum, alcohol craving, alcohol cues, incentive salience, alcoholism, alcohol detoxification, nucleus accumbens, medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, error detection, relapse risk, brain reward system
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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