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Cited by 18Schizophrenia research and treatmentEmbodied and Extended CognitionMental Health and Psychiatry

Disembodiment and Language in Schizophrenia: An Integrated Psychopathological and Evolutionary Perspective

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Tonna, Matteo, Lucarini, Valeria, Borrelli, Davide Fausto, Parmigiani, Stefano, Marchesi, Carlo·2023·Schizophrenia Bulletin
DOI 10.1093/schbul/sbac146PMC PMC9810023
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Abstract

Different hypotheses have flourished to explain the evolutionary paradox of schizophrenia. In this contribution, we sought to illustrate how, in the schizophrenia spectrum, the concept of embodiment may underpin the phylogenetic and developmental pathways linking sensorimotor processes, the origin of human language, and the construction of a basic sense of the self. In particular, according to an embodied model of language, we suggest that the reuse of basic sensorimotor loops for language, while enabling the development of fully symbolic thought, has pushed the human brain close to the threshold of a severe disruption of self-embodiment processes, which are at the core of schizophrenia psychopathology. We adopted an inter-disciplinary approach (psychopathology, neuroscience, developmental biology) within an evolutionary framework, to gain an integrated, multi-perspectival model on the origin of schizophrenia vulnerability. A maladaptive over-expression of evolutionary-developmental trajectories toward language at the expense of embodiment processes would have led to the evolutionary “trade-off” of a hyper-symbolic activity to the detriment of a disembodied self. Therefore, schizophrenia psychopathology might be the cost of long-term co-evolutive interactions between brain and language.

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Authors
Tonna, M., Lucarini, V., Borrelli, D. F., Parmigiani, S., & Marchesi, C.
Affiliations
  • University of Parma (IT)
  • Inserm (FR)
Corresponding author
Tonna, Matteo
ORCID
Venue
Schizophrenia Bulletin
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2022-10-20
Volume
49
Issue
1
Pages
161-171
ISSN
  • 0586-7614 (ISSN-L)
  • 1745-1701
DOI
10.1093/schbul/sbac146
PMC
PMC9810023
OpenAlex
W4306897054
Cited by
18
References
10
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 1
FWCI
2.28
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
academic.oup.com/pages/standard-publication-reuse-rights (vor)
Locations
  • Schizophrenia Bulletin (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Fondation Bettencourt Schueller
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Embodied and Extended Cognition
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
Keywords
schizophrenia, embodiment
MeSH terms
Brain, Humans, Language, Phylogeny, Psychopathology, Schizophrenia

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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