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Cited by 293

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 67 of the 67 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Effects of Toxoplasma gondii Infection on the Brain

Open access
Carruthers, V. B., Suzuki, Y.·2007·Schizophrenia Bulletin
DOI 10.1093/schbul/sbm008
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Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii, an intracellular protozoan parasite, can infect humans in 3 different ways: ingestion of tissue cysts, ingestion of oocysts, or congenital infection with tachyzoites. After proliferation of tachyzoites in various organs during the acute stage, the parasite forms cysts preferentially in the brain and establishes a chronic infection, which is a balance between host immunity and the parasite's evasion of the immune response. A variety of brain cells, including astrocytes and neurons, can be infected. In vitro studies using non-brain cells have demonstrated profound effects of the infection on gene expression of host cells, including molecules that promote the immune response and those involved in signal transduction pathways, suggesting that similar effects could occur in infected brain cells. Interferon-gamma is the essential mediator of the immune response to control T. gondii in the brain and to maintain the latency of chronic infection. Infection also induces the production of a variety of cytokines by microglia, astrocytes, and neurons, which promote or suppress inflammatory responses. The strain (genotype) of T. gondii, genetic factors of the host, and probably the route of infection and the stage (tachyzoite, cyst, or oocyst) of the parasite initiating infection all contribute to the establishment of a balance between the host and the parasite and affect the outcome of the infection.

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Metadata

Authors
Carruthers, V. B., & Suzuki, Y.
Venue
Schizophrenia Bulletin
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2007-03-19
Volume
33
Issue
3
Pages
745-751
ISSN
  • 0586-7614 (ISSN-L)
  • 1745-1701
DOI
10.1093/schbul/sbm008
OpenAlex
W2152916509
Cited by
293
References
67
FWCI
6.62
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Effects of Toxoplasma gondii Infection on the Brain. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/schbul/sbm008
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Carruthers, V. B., & Suzuki, Y. (2007). Effects of Toxoplasma gondii Infection on the Brain. Schizophrenia Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbm008

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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.