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Cited by 27Sleep and related disordersSleep and Work-Related FatigueCOVID-19 and Mental Health

Sleep and mental health in recruit paramedics: a 6-month longitudinal study

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Nguyen, Elle, Meadley, Ben, Harris, Rachael, Rajaratnam, Shantha M W, Williams, Brett, Smith, Karen, Bowles, Kelly-Ann, Dobbie, Megan L +2 more·2023·SLEEP
DOI 10.1093/sleep/zsad050PMC PMC10424174
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Abstract

Study Objectives: To explore potential relationships and longitudinal changes in sleep and mental health in recruit paramedics over the first 6 months of work, and whether sleep disturbances pre-emergency work predict future mental health outcomes. Methods: Participants (N = 101, 52% female, Mage = 26 years) completed questionnaires prior to (baseline), and after 6 months of emergency work to assess for symptoms of insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and trauma exposure. At each timepoint, participants also completed a sleep diary and wore an actigraph for 14 days to assess sleep patterns. Correlations between baseline sleep and mental health were conducted and changes in these variables across timepoints were examined using linear mixed models. Hierarchical regressions assessed whether sleep at baseline predicted mental health at follow-up. Results: Insomnia and depression symptoms, and total sleep time increased while sleep onset latency decreased across the first 6 months of emergency work. Participants experienced an average of 1 potentially traumatic event during the 6-month period. Baseline insomnia predicted increased depression symptoms at the 6-month follow-up, while baseline wake after sleep onset predicted follow-up PTSD symptoms. Conclusion: Results highlight an increase in insomnia and depression across the initial months of emergency work, while sleep disturbances before emergency work were identified as potential risk factors for the development of depression and PTSD among paramedics in their early career. Screening and early interventions targeting poor sleep at the beginning of emergency employment may assist in reducing the risk of future mental health outcomes in this high-risk occupation.

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  • Paramedics are reported to have poor levels of physical health with an increased risk of shift work disorder, chronic illness, cardiovascular conditions and hypertension, and obesity and cancer.

    “Paramedics are reported to have poor levels of physical health with an increased risk of shift work disorder (Barth et al., 2022; Nguyen et al., 2023; Pallesen et al., 2010), chronic illness, cardiovascular conditions and hypertension (MacQuarrie et al., 2018; Torquati, et al., 2018), and obesity and cancer (Gan et al., 2018; Pahwa, Labr che, & Demers, 2018).”

    From Understanding the Occupational Factors that Influence Paramedic Health and Wellbeing (2024) · cites this paper as Nguyen et al., 2023

    Nguyen et al. is cited for the increased risk of shift work disorder, not for the other physical conditions, which have separate citations. The Introduction reports poor sleep among shift-working paramedics and higher rates of insomnia and other sleep disorders, but it does not establish an increased risk of shift work disorder specifically. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Nguyen, E., Meadley, B., Harris, R., Rajaratnam, S. M. W., Williams, B., Smith, K., Bowles, K.-A., Dobbie, M. L., Drummond, S. P. A., & Wolkow, A. P.
Affiliations
  • Monash University (AU)
  • Ambulance Victoria (AU)
Corresponding author
Wolkow, Alexander P
ORCID
Venue
SLEEP
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2023-03-02
Volume
46
Issue
8
ISSN
  • 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
  • 1550-9109
DOI
10.1093/sleep/zsad050
PMC
PMC10424174
OpenAlex
W4322757298
Cited by
27
References
15
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 2
FWCI
6.98
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • SLEEP (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Australasian Sleep Association
  • NHMRC (APP1138322)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
Keywords
paramedics, emergency medical services, mental health, insomnia, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, sleep disorders, trauma exposure, sleep latency, total sleep time, workplace mental health, early career, risk factors
MeSH terms
Paramedics, Female, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mental Health, Sleep

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