Sleep Misperception and Chronic Insomnia in the General Population: Role of Objective Sleep Duration and Psychological Profiles
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine the role of objective sleep duration, a novel marker in phenotyping insomnia, and psychological profiles on sleep misperception in a large, general population sample. Sleep misperception is considered by some investigators a common characteristic of chronic insomnia, whereas others propose it as a separate diagnosis. The frequency and the determinants of sleep misperception in general population samples are unknown. METHODS: A total of 142 insomniacs and 724 controls selected from a general random sample of 1,741 individuals (aged ≥20 years) underwent a polysomnographic evaluation, completed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2, and were split into two groups based on their objective sleep duration: "normal sleep duration" (≥6 hours) and "short sleep duration" (<6 hours). RESULTS: The discrepancy between subjective and objective sleep duration was determined by two independent factors. Short sleepers reported more sleep than they objectively had, and insomniacs reported less sleep than controls with similar objective sleep duration. The additive effect of these two factors resulted in underestimation only in insomniacs with normal sleep duration. Insomniacs with normal sleep duration showed a Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 profile of high depression and anxiety and low ego strength, whereas insomniacs with short sleep duration showed a profile of a medical disorder. CONCLUSIONS: Underestimation of sleep duration is prevalent among insomniacs with objective normal sleep duration. Anxious-ruminative traits and poor resources for coping with stress seem to mediate the underestimation of sleep duration. These data further support the validity and clinical utility of objective sleep measures in phenotyping insomnia.
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Sleep state misperception in both good and poor sleepers can result in poor self-report estimates of sleep onset latency, although differences between self-report and polysomnography estimates tend to be small.
“sleep state misperception in both good and poor sleepers can result in poor self-report estimates of sleep onset latency,53 although these differences in sleep onset latency estimates from self-report and polysomnography tend to be small.54”
From Social media use and adolescent sleep patterns: cross-sectional findings from the UK millennium cohort study (2019) · cites this paper as [53]
The Methods (Key measurements) define sleep misperception as underestimation of sleep duration, and the Discussion reports it among chronic insomniacs with normal objective sleep duration. The cited paper does not establish that misperception makes sleep-onset-latency self-reports inaccurate in both good and poor sleepers; a search for “sleep onset latency” found it only in reference titles. The sentence attaches a different citation to the claim that latency differences tend to be small. (LLM, conf=0.74)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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“The finding that a previous episode of insomnia was a significant predictor of its persistence, as opposed to remission, was expected as this has been demonstrated in several analytic epidemiological studies examining risk factors for chronic insomnia [40, 41].”
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- Authors
- Fernandez-Mendoza, J., Calhoun, S. L., Bixler, E. O., Karataraki, M., Liao, D., Vela-Bueno, A., Jose Ramos-Platon, M., Sauder, K. A., Basta, M., & Vgontzas, A. N.
- Affiliations
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Vgontzas, Alexandros N.
- Venue
- Psychosomatic Medicine
- Published
- 2011-01
- Volume
- 73
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 88-97
- ISSN
- 0033-3174 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3408864
- OpenAlex
- W2047319797
- Cited by
- 261
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 17.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychosomatic Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service (R01 51931, R01 64415, R01 40916)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL064415)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- sleep misperception, chronic insomnia, subjective sleep duration, short sleepers, depression, anxiety, ego strength, stress coping, personality traits
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Circadian Rhythm, Female, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Male, Middle Aged, MMPI, Perceptual Disorders, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sleep, Sleep Apnea Syndromes, Time Perception, Polysomnography
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