Cited by 43DNA Repair MechanismsPARP inhibition in cancer therapyArsenic contamination and mitigation

Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 Inhibition by Arsenite Promotes the Survival of Cells With Unrepaired DNA Lesions Induced by UV Exposure

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Qin, Xu-Jun, Liu, Wenlan, Li, Ying-Na, Sun, Xi, Hai, Chun-Xu, Hudson, Laurie G., Liu, Ke Jian·2012·Toxicological Sciences

Abstract

Human arsenic exposure is associated with increased risk of skin cancer, and arsenite greatly enhances ultraviolet (UV)-induced skin tumors in a mouse model of carcinogenesis. Inhibition of DNA repair is one proposed mechanism for the observed cocarcinogenicity. We have previously demonstrated that low concentrations of arsenite inhibit poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1, thus interfering with DNA repair process triggered by UV radiation. Because overactivation of PARP-1 often leads to apoptotic cell death, and unrepaired DNA lesions promote genomic instability and carcinogenesis, we hypothesized that inhibition of PARP-1 by arsenic may promote the survival of potentially "initiated carcinogenic cells," i.e., cells with unrepaired DNA lesions. In the present study, we tested this hypothesis on UV-challenged HaCat cells. Cells were pretreated with 2μM arsenite for 24 h before UV exposure. Outcome parameters included apoptotic death rate, PARP-1 activation, apoptotic molecules, and retention of DNA lesions. UV exposure induced PARP-1 activation and associated poly(ADP-ribose) production, apoptosis-inducing factor release, cytochrome C release, and caspases activation, which led to apoptotic death in HaCat cells. Pretreatment with 2μM arsenite significantly inhibited UV-induced cell death as well as the associated molecular events. Notably, knockdown of PARP-1 with small interfering RNA completely abolished the antagonism of arsenite. Furthermore, arsenite pretreatment led to long-term retention of UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers. Together, these results suggest that low concentration of arsenite reduces UV-induced apoptosis via inhibiting PARP-1, thus promoting the survival of cells with unrepaired DNA lesions, which may be an important mechanism underlying arsenic cocarcinogenic action.

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  • PARP activation is crucial for damage signaling, and cell death occurs only after achieving a particular threshold.

    “However, PARP activation is crucial for damage signaling and only after achieving a particular threshold does cell death occur.”
  • Inhibition of PARP-1 with PARP inhibiting agents may promote cell survival in response to UV radiation, but cells most probably accommodate unrepaired DNA lesions contributing to UV-induced carcinogenesis.

    “Inhibition of PARP-1 with PARP inhibiting agents (such as low concentration of arsenite) may promote cell survival in response to UV radiation, but the cells most probably accommodate unrepaired DNA lesions contributing to UV-induced carcinogenesis [68].”
  • UV radiation produces significant DNA damage that leads to excessive PARP-1 activation and cell death.

    “UV radiation produces significant DNA damage that leads to excessive PARP-1 activation and cell death.”

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  1. Andrabi, S. A., Kim, N. S., Yu, S. W., Wang, H., Koh, D. W., Sasaki, M., Klaus, J. A., Otsuka, T., Zhang, Z., Koehler, R. C., et al . (2006). Poly(ADPribose) (PAR) polymer is a death signal. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103, 18308-18313.

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Authors
Qin, X.-J., Liu, W., Li, Y.-N., Sun, X., Hai, C.-X., Hudson, L. G., & Liu, K. J.
Affiliations
University of New Mexico (US)
Venue
Toxicological Sciences
Published
2012-03-02
Volume
127
Issue
1
Pages
120-129
ISSN
  • 1096-0929 (ISSN-L)
  • 1096-6080
OpenAlex
W2122671671
Cited by
43
References
45
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 1
FWCI
2.95
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Toxicological Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Cancer Institute (P30CA118100)
  • National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01ES15826-03S1, R01ES015826, R01ES012938, R01ES021100)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA Repair Mechanisms
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › PARP inhibition in cancer therapy
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Arsenic contamination and mitigation
Keywords
arsenite, PARP1, PARP1 inhibition, ultraviolet radiation, DNA repair, DNA damage, apoptosis, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, skin cancer, HaCaT keratinocytes, cytochrome c release, caspase activation
MeSH terms
Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors, Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1, Cell Line, Transformed, Cell Survival, DNA Damage, DNA Repair, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Enzyme Inhibitors, Humans, Radiation Effects, Ultraviolet Rays, Keratinocytes, Apoptosis, Arsenites, Gene Silencing, Gene Knockdown Techniques, Caspase Inhibitors

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