Global Gene Expression Analysis in Human Uterine Epithelial Cells Defines New Targets of Glucocorticoid and Estradiol Antagonism1
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In preparation for embryo implantation and pregnancy, the uterine epithelium undergoes a genomic and biological transition that mediates adhesion and invasion of the blastocyst. These events resemble an inflammatory response, and the immune system likely takes an active role in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Although glucocorticoids are primary mediators of the immune system, the functional role of glucocorticoid signaling in the uterine epithelium is not well defined. To investigate the dynamic relationship between glucocorticoids and reproductive hormones, we performed whole-genome microarray analysis in a human uterine endometrial cancer cell line (ECC1 cells) treated with the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (Dex) alone or in combination with estradiol (E₂). Over 10,000 genes were significantly regulated in the presence of Dex and/or E₂. Surprisingly, unique targets of Dex and E₂ together represented the largest group of regulated genes. Ingenuity pathway analysis found both overlapping and independent regulated networks for each hormone. Several hundred genes were found to be coregulated by Dex and E₂, including several that were antagonistically regulated. The effects of glucocorticoids and E₂ are mediated primarily through the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) and estrogen receptor (ESR1), respectively. In silico promoter analysis revealed that NR3C1 and ESR1 response elements are enriched in antagonistically regulated genes, and signaling through these receptors was required for antagonism. Glucocorticoid and E₂ antagonism of target genes may represent a critical junction between the immune system and female reproductive system. Moreover, identification and ontology analysis of glucocorticoid-regulated genes in a uterine epithelial-like cell line suggests that glucocorticoid signaling regulates important biological functions, including immune cell trafficking and embryonic development.
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Dexamethasone treatment uniquely regulates expression of genes in mouse uterus and human uterine cell lines with functions related to signaling, embryonic development, and cellular growth and proliferation.
“Dexamethasone treatment uniquely regulates the expression of genes in the mouse uterus and in human uterine cell lines with functions that are related to signaling, embryonic development, and cellular growth and proliferation [52,53,54]”
From Stress and the HPA Axis: Balancing Homeostasis and Fertility. (2017) · cites this paper as [52]
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Stress and Implantation Failure
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- Authors
- Whirledge, S., Xu, X., & Cidlowski, J. A.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cidlowski, John A.
- Venue
- Biology of Reproduction
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2013-09-01
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 66-66
- ISSN
- 0006-3363 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-7268
- PMC
- PMC4435104
- OpenAlex
- W2125514335
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 2.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Biology of Reproduction (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- BioOne Complete (BioOne) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Reproductive System and Pregnancy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Biology and Fertility
- Keywords
- glucocorticoid signaling, estradiol, uterine epithelium, endometrium, dexamethasone, glucocorticoid receptor, estrogen receptor alpha, gene expression regulation, pregnancy establishment, embryonic development, immune cell trafficking
- MeSH terms
- Cells, Cultured, Dexamethasone, Epithelial Cells, Estradiol, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Glucocorticoids, Humans, Uterus, Gene Expression Profiling, Microarray Analysis, Gene Regulatory Networks
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