Neuronal injury mediated via stimulation of microglial toll-like receptor-9 (TLR9)

A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA

Hemmi, H., Takeuchi, O., Kawai, T., Kaisho, T., Sato, S., Sanjo, H., Matsumoto, M., Hoshino, K., Wagner, H., Takeda, K., et al. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35047123 · Cited by 6,491 · see citing works

CpG motifs in bacterial DNA trigger direct B-cell activation

Krieg, A. M., Yi, A.-K., Matson, S., Waldschmidt, T. J., Bishop, G. A., Teasdale, R., Koretzky, G. A., & Klinman, D. M. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/374546a0 · Cited by 3,508 · see citing works

Chromatin–IgG complexes activate B cells by dual engagement of IgM and Toll-like receptors

Leadbetter, E. A., Rifkin, I. R., Hohlbaum, A. M., Beaudette-Zlatanova, B. C., Shlomchik, M. J., & Marshak‐Rothstein, A. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/416603a · Cited by 1,899 · see citing works

Human TLR9 confers responsiveness to bacterial DNA via species-specific CpG motif recognition

Bauer, S., Kirschning, C. J., Häcker, H., Redecke, V., Hausmann, S., Akira, S., Wagner, H., & Lipford, G. B. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.161293498 · Cited by 1,527 · see citing works

Transected neurites, apoptotic neurons, and reduced inflammation in cortical multiple sclerosis lesions

Peterson, J. W., Bö, L., Mörk, S., Chang, A., & Trapp, B. D. (2001) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.1123 · Cited by 1,403 · cited 1× · see citing works

Inflammation in Neurodegenerative Disease—A Double-Edged Sword

Wyss-Coray, T., & Mucke, L. (2002) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00794-8 · Cited by 1,235 · see citing works

Activated microglia mediate neuronal cell injury via a nitric oxide mechanism

Chao, C. C., Hu, S., Molitor, T. W., Shaskan, E. G., & Peterson, P. K. (1992) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.149.8.2736 · Cited by 1,137 · see citing works

Activation of innate immunity in the CNS triggers neurodegeneration through a Toll-like receptor 4-dependent pathway

Lehnardt, S., Massillon, L., Follett, P., Jensen, F. E., Ratan, R., Rosenberg, P. A., Volpe, J. J., & Vartanian, T. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1432609100 · Cited by 1,052 · see citing works

Gases as biological messengers: nitric oxide and carbon monoxide in the brain

Dawson, T., & Snyder, S. (1994) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.14-09-05147.1994 · Cited by 1,043 · see citing works

Acute axonal injury in multiple sclerosis: Correlation with demyelination and inflammation

Bitsch, A. (2000) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/123.6.1174 · Cited by 898 · see citing works

Innate immunity: the missing link in neuroprotection and neurodegeneration?

Nguyen, M. D., Julien, J., & Rivest, S. (2002) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn752 · Cited by 698 · see citing works

Inflammatory Neurodegeneration Mediated by Nitric Oxide from Activated Glia-Inhibiting Neuronal Respiration, Causing Glutamate Release and Excitotoxicity

Bal-Price, A., & Brown, G. C. (2001) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-17-06480.2001 · Cited by 489 · see citing works

The impact of systemic infection on the progression of neurodegenerative disease

Perry, V. H., Newman, T. A., & Cunningham, C. (2003) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1032 · Cited by 428 · see citing works

Macrophages sense pathogens via DNA motifs: induction of tumor necrosis factor‐α‐mediated shock

Sparwasser, T. D., Miethke, T., Lipford, G. B., Erdmann, A. A., Häcker, H., Heeg, K. M., & Wagner, H. (1997) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.1830270712 · Cited by 412 · see citing works

Interleukin-1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Synergistically Mediate Neurotoxicity: Involvement of Nitric Oxide and of N-Methyl-D-aspartate Receptors

Chao, C. C., Hu, S. X., Ehrlich, L., & Peterson, P. K. (1995) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1006/brbi.1995.1033 · Cited by 412 · see citing works

Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibits Neurite Outgrowth and Branching of Hippocampal Neurons by a Rho-Dependent Mechanism

Neumann, H., Schweigreiter, R., Yamashita, T., Rosenkranz, K., Wekerle, H., & Barde, Y. (2002) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-03-00854.2002 · Cited by 323 · see citing works

Bacterial CpG DNA Activates Immune Cells to Signal Infectious Danger

Wagner, H. (1999) · Advances in immunology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2776(08)60790-7 · Cited by 313 · see citing works

Neuronal injury in bacterial meningitis: mechanisms and implications for therapy

Nau, R., & Brück, W. (2002) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(00)02024-5 · Cited by 295 · see citing works

Neurotrophins inhibit major histocompatibility class II inducibility of microglia: Involvement of the p75 neurotrophin receptor

Neumann, H., Misgeld, T., Matsumuro, K., & Wekerle, H. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.10.5779 · Cited by 282 · see citing works

Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase causes delayed neurotoxicity in primary mixed neuronal-glial cortical cultures

Dawson, V. L., Brahmbhatt, H., Mong, J. A., & Dawson, T. M. (1994) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/0028-3908(94)90045-0 · Cited by 243 · see citing works

Axonal Injury in Cerebral Malaria

Medana, I. M., Day, N. P. J., Hien, T. T., Hoang, N. T., Bethell, D., Phu, N. H., Farrar, J., Esiri, M. M., White, N. J., & Turner, G. D. H. (2002) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64885-7 · Cited by 180 · see citing works

Gene expression patterns for GDNF and its receptors in the human putamen affected by Parkinson's disease: A real-time PCR study

Bäckman, C. M., Shan, L., Zhang, Y. J., Hoffer, B. J., Leonard, S. S., Troncoso, J. C., Vonsatel, P., & Tomac, A. C. (2006) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2006.03.013 · Cited by 170 · see citing works

β-Amyloid protein-dependent nitric oxide production from microglial cells and neurotoxicity

Ii, M., Sunamoto, M., Ohnishi, K., & Ichimori, Y. (1996) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(96)00156-4 · Cited by 162 · see citing works

Immunostimulatory CpG-DNA Activates Murine Microglia

Dalpke, A. H., Schäfer, M. K.-H., Frey, M., Zimmermann, S., Tebbe, J. J., Weihe, E., & Heeg, K. M. (2002) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.168.10.4854 · Cited by 161 · see citing works

Apoptotic Pathways Mobilized in Microglia and Neurones as a Consequence of Chromogranin A‐Induced Microglial Activation

Kingham, P. J., Cuzner, M. L., & Pocock, J. M. (1999) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0730538.x · Cited by 138 · see citing works

Microglia induce myelin basic protein-specific T cell anergy or T cell activation, according to their state of activation

Matyszak, M. K., Denis‐Donini, S., Citterio, S., Longhi, R., Granucci, F., & Ricciardi‐Castagnoli, P. (1999) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-4141(199910)29:10 · Cited by 114 · see citing works

Molecular mechanisms of axonal damage in inflammatory central nervous system diseases

Neumann, H. (2003) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/01.wco.0000073926.19076.29 · Cited by 108 · see citing works

Immunostimulatory DNA Sequences Influence the Course of Adjuvant Arthritis

Ronaghy, A., Prakken, B. J., Takabayashi, K., Firestein, G. S., Boyle, D., Zvailfler, N. J., Roord, S. T. A., Albani, S., Carson, D. A., & Raz, E. (2002) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.168.1.51 · Cited by 76 · see citing works

Activation of microglia and astrocytes by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides

Takeshita, S., Takeshita, F., Haddad, D. E., Janabi, N., & Klinman, D. M. (2001) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200110080-00010 · Cited by 71 · see citing works

Differential regulation of Toll-like receptor mRNAs in experimental murine central nervous system infections

Böttcher, T., von Mering, M., Ebert, S., et al. (2003) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(03)00404-x · Cited by 65 · see citing works

Intracisternally Localized Bacterial DNA Containing CpG Motifs Induces Meningitis

Deng, G., Liu, Z.-Q., & Tarkowski, A. (2001) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.167.8.4616 · Cited by 63 · see citing works

DNA drives autoimmunity

Vinuesa, C. G., & Goodnow, C. C. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/416595a · Cited by 52 · see citing works

Transient in vivo activation of rat brain macrophages/microglial cells and astrocytes by immunostimulatory multiple CpG oligonucleotides

Schluesener, H. J. (2001) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/s0165-5728(00)00428-8 · Cited by 48 · see citing works

Reduced Release of DNA from Streptococcus pneumoniae After Treatment with Rifampin in Comparison to Spontaneous Growth and Ceftriaxone Treatment

Gerber, J., Eiffert, H., Fleischer, H., et al. (2001) · European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1007/pl00011291 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Reduced Release of DNA from Streptococcus pneumoniae After Treatment with Rifampin in Comparison to Spontaneous Growth and Ceftriaxone Treatment

Gerber, J., Eiffert, H., Fleischer, H. N. A., et al. (2001) · European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1007/s100960100539 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Role of neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration development

Zhang, W., Xiao, D., Mao, Q., & Xia, H. (2023) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-023-01486-5 · Cited by 1,668 · see citing works

Clearance of apoptotic neurons without inflammation by microglial triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2

Takahashi, K., Rochford, C. D. P., & Neumann, H. (2005) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20041611 · Cited by 1,124 · see citing works

Toll-like receptors in systemic autoimmune disease

Marshak-Rothstein, A. (2006) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1957 · Cited by 1,116 · see citing works

Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Pneumococcal Meningitis

Mook-Kanamori, B. B., Geldhoff, M., van der Poll, T., & van de Beek, D. (2011) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00008-11 · Cited by 492 · see citing works

Role of Microglia TLRs in Neurodegeneration

Fiebich, B. L., Batista, C. R. A., Saliba, S. W., Yousif, N. M., & de Oliveira, A. C. P. (2018) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2018.00329 · Cited by 291 · see citing works

Neuronal damage in brain inflammation

Aktas, O., Ullrich, O., Infante-Duarte, C., Nitsch, R., & Zipp, F. (2007) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.64.2.185 · Cited by 249 · see citing works

Mechanisms of injury in bacterial meningitis

Gerber, J., & Nau, R. (2010) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/wco.0b013e32833950dd · Cited by 149 · see citing works

Microglia Activated with the Toll-Like Receptor 9 Ligand CpG Attenuate Oligomeric Amyloid β Neurotoxicity in in Vitro and in Vivo Models of Alzheimer’s Disease

Doi, Y., Mizuno, T., Maki, Y., Jin, S., Mizoguchi, H., Ikeyama, M., Doi, M., Michikawa, M., Takeuchi, H., & Suzumura, A. (2009) · The American Journal of Pathology · doi:10.2353/ajpath.2009.090418 · Cited by 135 · see citing works

Interactions between TLR7 and TLR9 agonists and receptors regulate innate immune responses by astrocytes and microglia

Butchi, N. B., Du, M., & Peterson, K. E. (2010) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.20952 · Cited by 109 · see citing works

Innate Immunity Stimulation via Toll-Like Receptor 9 Ameliorates Vascular Amyloid Pathology in Tg-SwDI Mice with Associated Cognitive Benefits

Scholtzova, H., Do, E., Dhakal, S., Sun, Y., Liu, S., Mehta, P. D., & Wisniewski, T. (2017) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1967-16.2016 · Cited by 82 · see citing works

TLR-Mediated Signal Transduction and Neurodegenerative Disorders

Adhikarla, S. V., Jha, N. K., Goswami, V. K., Sharma, A., Bhardwaj, A., Dey, A., Villa, C., Kumar, Y., & Jha, S. K. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11111373 · Cited by 50 · see citing works

TLR9 Ligand CpG-ODN Applied to the Injured Mouse Cornea Elicits Retinal Inflammation

Chinnery, H. R., McLenachan, S., Binz, N., Sun, Y., Forrester, J. V., Degli-Esposti, M. A., Pearlman, E., & McMenamin, P. G. (2012) · The American Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.09.041 · Cited by 46 · see citing works

An innate immune response to adeno-associated virus genomes decreases cortical dendritic complexity and disrupts synaptic transmission

Suriano, C. M., Kumar, N., Verpeut, J. L., Ma, J., Jung, C., Dunn, C. E., Carvajal, B. V., Nguyen, A. V., & Boulanger, L. M. (2024) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.03.036 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

Magnesium therapy improves outcome in <scp><i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i></scp> meningitis by altering pneumolysin pore formation

Hupp, S., Ribes, S., Seele, J., Bischoff, C., Förtsch, C., Maier, E., Benz, R., Mitchell, T. J., Nau, R., & Iliev, A. I. (2017) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.14027 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Amyloid β peptide-mediated neurotoxicity is attenuated by the proliferating microglia more potently than by the quiescent phenotype

Tsay, H.-J., Huang, Y., Huang, F.-L., Chen, C.-P., Tsai, Y.-C., Wang, Y.-H., Wu, M.-F., Chiang, F.-Y., & Shiao, Y. (2013) · Journal of Biomedical Science · doi:10.1186/1423-0127-20-78 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Neuroprotective and toxic changes in microglia in neurodegenerative disease

Sawada, M. (2009) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/s1353-8020(09)70011-2 · Cited by 31 · see citing works

Toll-like receptor 9 and Systemic Lupus Erythromatosus: novel insights

Stoppelenburg, A. J. (2009) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)

P151 Ligand recognition profiles of TLR9 from different species

Chuang, T., Liu, J., Xu, C., et al. (2012) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2012.06.251

Structural basis of CpG and inhibitory DNA recognition by Toll-like receptor 9

Ohto, U., Shibata, T., Tanji, H., Ishida, H., Krayukhina, E., Uchiyama, S., Miyake, K., & Shimizu, T. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14138 · Cited by 377 · see citing works