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Comparison of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar: strengths and weaknesses
Abstract
The evolution of the electronic age has led to the development of numerous medical databases on the World Wide Web, offering search facilities on a particular subject and the ability to perform citation analysis. We compared the content coverage and practical utility of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The official Web pages of the databases were used to extract information on the range of journals covered, search facilities and restrictions, and update frequency. We used the example of a keyword search to evaluate the usefulness of these databases in biomedical information retrieval and a specific published article to evaluate their utility in performing citation analysis. All databases were practical in use and offered numerous search facilities. PubMed and Google Scholar are accessed for free. The keyword search with PubMed offers optimal update frequency and includes online early articles; other databases can rate articles by number of citations, as an index of importance. For citation analysis, Scopus offers about 20% more coverage than Web of Science, whereas Google Scholar offers results of inconsistent accuracy. PubMed remains an optimal tool in biomedical electronic research. Scopus covers a wider journal range, of help both in keyword searching and citation analysis, but it is currently limited to recent articles (published after 1995) compared with Web of Science. Google Scholar, as for the Web in general, can help in the retrieval of even the most obscure information but its use is marred by inadequate, less often updated, citation information.—Falagas, M. E., Pitsouni, E I., Malietzis, G. A., and Pappas, G. Comparison of Pub Med, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar: strengths and weaknesses. FASEB J. 22, 338–342 (2008)
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“Previous studies examining the suitability of search systems for evidence synthesis have focused on a limited number of search systems and/or based their analysis on a review of the search interface, yet without any in‐depth examination of core functionalities that allow reliable query‐based searching.19, 30, 31, 32”
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, Google Scholar was not taken into account in the literature search due to the poor accuracy of results, as reported by Falagas et al. [19].”
From Recent Trends on Liquid Air Energy Storage: A Bibliometric Analysis (2020) · cites this paper as [19]
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Three options for citation tracking: Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science
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Lippi, G., Favaloro, E. J., & Šimundić, A.-M. (2012) · Biochemia Medica · doi:10.11613/bm.2012.002 · Cited by 36
Metadata
- Authors
- Falagas, M. E., Pitsouni, E. I., Malietzis, G. A., & Pappas, G.
- Affiliations
- Tufts University (US)
- Alfa Institute of Biomedical Sciences (GR)
- Institute of Continuing Medical Education of Ioannina Ioannina Greece
- Venue
- The FASEB Journal
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2007-09-20
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 338-342
- ISSN
- 0892-6638 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-6860
- OpenAlex
- W2120109270
- Cited by
- 5,039
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 605 · 2025: 725 · 2024: 643 · 2023: 587 · 2022: 506 · 2021: 404 · 2020: 286 · 2019: 234 · 2018: 216 · 2017: 153 · 2016: 127 · 2015: 162 · 2014: 101 · 2013: 98 · 2012: 60
- FWCI
- 29.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The FASEB Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Library and Information Sciences › scientometrics and bibliometrics research
- Social Sciences › Library and Information Sciences › Library Science and Information
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Keywords
- PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, bibliographic database comparison, biomedical information retrieval, citation analysis, journal coverage, keyword search, online journal articles
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Science, Databases, Factual, Computational Biology, Internet, PubMed
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