Enhanced SIRT6 activity abrogates the neurotoxic phenotype of astrocytes expressing ALS-linked mutant SOD1
Open accessAbstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) are NAD + ‐dependent deacylases that play a key role in transcription, DNA repair, metabolism, and oxidative stress resistance. Increasing NAD + availability regulates endogenous SIRT activity, leading to increased resistance to oxidative stress and decreased mitochondrial reactive oxygen production in multiple cell types and disease models. This protection, at least in part, depends on the activation of antioxidant mitochondrial proteins. We now show that increasing total NAD + content in astrocytes leads to the activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor, erythroid‐derived 2, like 2 (Nfe212 or Nrf2) and up‐regulation of the antioxidant proteins heme oxygenase 1 (HO‐1) and sulfiredoxin 1 (SRXN1). Nrf2 activation also occurs as a result of SIRT6 overexpression. Mutations in Cu‐Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) cause familial forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Astrocytes isolated from mutant human SOD1‐overexpressing mice induce motor neuron death in coculture. Treatment with nicotinamide mononucleotide or nicotinamide riboside increases total NAD + content in ALS astrocytes and abrogates their toxicity toward cocultured motor neurons. The observed neuroprotection depends on SIRT6 expression in astrocytes. Moreover, overexpression of SIRT6 in astrocytes by itself abrogates the neurotoxic phenotype of ALS astrocytes. Our results identify SIRT6 as a potential therapeutic target to prevent astrocyte‐mediated motor neuron death in ALS.—Harlan, B. A., Pehar, M., Killoy, K. M., Vargas, M. R. Enhanced SIRT6 activity abrogates the neurotoxic phenotype of astrocytes expressing ALS‐linked mutant SOD1. FASEB J. 33, 7084–7091 (2019). www.fasebj.org
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Improved NAD+ salvage likely activates SIRT1, SIRT3, and/or SIRT6, reducing IDH2 acetylation and activating Nrf2, which improves motor neuron oxidative stress resistance and mitochondrial function.
“SIRT1, SIRT3, and/or SIRT6 are likely activated as a result of improved NAD+ salvage, leading to decreased acetylation of IDH2 and activation of Nrf2, thereby improving the resistance of motor neurons to oxidative stress and the mitochondrial function”
From NAD+ in Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders (2019) · cites this paper as Harlan et al., 2019
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Soubannier, V., Chaineau, M., Gursu, L., Lépine, S., Kalaydjian, D., Sirois, J., Haghi, G., Rouleau, G. A., Durcan, T. M., & Stifani, S. (2024) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.24598 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
FABP7 Expression Modulates the Response of Astrocytes to Induced Endotoxemia
Bresque, M., Esteve, D., Balmer, G., Hamilton, H., Stephany, J. S., Pehar, M., & Vargas, M. R. (2025) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.70023 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
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Vitagenes in avian biology: protective functions of sirtuins
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Mitochondria and Neurodegenerative Diseases
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Chapter 8: Sirtuins in avian biology
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- Authors
- Harlan, B. A., Pehar, M., Killoy, K. M., & Vargas, M. R.
- Affiliations
- Medical University of South Carolina (US)
- Corresponding author
- Vargas, Marcelo R.
- Venue
- The FASEB Journal
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2019-03-06
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 7084-7091
- ISSN
- 0892-6638 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-6860
- PMC
- PMC6529338
- OpenAlex
- W2922389716
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 5.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The FASEB Journal (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS089640)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Sirtuins and Resveratrol in Medicine
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Genetic Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Keywords
- SIRT6, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, SOD1 mutations, astrocytes, Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1, NAD+, nicotinamide mononucleotide, nicotinamide riboside, motor neuron degeneration, neuroprotection, oxidative stress
- MeSH terms
- Superoxide Dismutase-1, Animals, Astrocytes, Gene Expression Regulation, Mutation, Niacinamide, Nicotinamide Mononucleotide, Pyridinium Compounds, Sirtuins, Mice, Antioxidant Response Elements
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