The DOI matches its Crossref record; 72 of the 72 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Does the failure to acquire helminthic parasites predispose to Crohn's disease?
Abstract
Two polarized patterns (Th1 and Th2) of cytokines regulate inflammatory responses. Each cytokine pattern inhibits production of the opposing pattern. Lymphocytes from inflamed intestine due to Crohn's disease secrete a Th1 pattern of cytokines. Crohn's disease is most prevalent in highly industrialized countries with temperate climates. It occurs rarely in tropical third world countries with poor sanitation. We propose that exposure to an environmental agent predisposes individuals to Crohn's disease. Parasitic worms (helminths) are common in tropical climates and in populations subject to crowding and poor sanitation. Children are most subject to helminthic colonization. Many helminths live within or migrate through the human gut where they interact with the mucosal immune system. The host mounts a mucosal response that includes Th2 cytokine production limiting helminthic colonization. Helminths and their eggs probably are the most potent stimulators of mucosal Th2 responses. The Th2 response provoked by parasitic worms can modulate immune reactions to unrelated parasitic, bacterial, and viral infections. Many people in developed countries now live in increasingly hygienic environments, avoiding exposure to helminths. Perhaps failure to acquire these parasites and experience mucosal Th2 conditioning predisposes to Crohn's disease, which is an overly active Th1 inflammation.— Elliott, D. E., Urban, J. F., Jr., Argo, C. K., Weinstock, J. V. FASEB J. 14, 1848–1855 (2000)
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IL-10 acts on the antigen-presenting cell to inhibit cytokine production by Th1 cells
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IL‐4 directs the development of Th2‐like helper effectors
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Cited by
IBD—what role do Proteobacteria play?
Mukhopadhya, I., Hansen, R., El-Omar, E. M., & Hold, G. L. (2012) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2012.14 · Cited by 810
Trichuris suis therapy in Crohn’s disease
Summers, R. W., Elliott, D. E., Urban, J. F., Thompson, R., & Weinstock, J. V. (2005) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.2004.041749 · Cited by 762
Self-citationTrichuris suis therapy for active ulcerative colitis: a randomized controlled trial
Summers, R. W., Elliott, D. E., Urban, J. F., Thompson, R. A., & Weinstock, J. V. (2005) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.01.005 · Cited by 613
Self-citationInfection with a Helminth Parasite Prevents Experimental Colitis via a Macrophage-Mediated Mechanism
Smith, P., Mangan, N. E., Walsh, C. M., Fallon, R. E., McKenzie, A. N. J., van Rooijen, N., & Fallon, P. G. (2007) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.178.7.4557 · Cited by 279
Abad, C., Martinez, C., Juarranz, M. G., Arranz, A., Leceta, J., Delgado, M., & Gomariz, R. P. (2003) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/gast.2003.50141 · Cited by 257
Metadata
- Authors
- Elliott, D. E., Urban, J. F., Argo, C. K., & Weinstock, J. V.
- Venue
- The FASEB Journal
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2000-09
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1848-1855
- ISSN
- 0892-6638 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-6860
- OpenAlex
- W2024755684
- Cited by
- 260
- References
- 72
- FWCI
- 9.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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