CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 137Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentDevelopmental and Educational Neuropsychology

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Epidemiology and Diagnostic Issues in Preschool Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Review

Egger, Helen Link, Kondo, Douglas, Angold, Adrian·2006·Infants & Young Children
DOI 10.1097/00001163-200604000-00004
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

This study aims to review the nosology and epidemiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children aged 2 through 5 years. Studies, primarily in community or pediatric clinic settings, were reviewed. In studies using DSM diagnostic criteria, the prevalence of ADHD in preschool children ranges from 2.0% to 7.9%, with hyperactive-impulsive type and combined type significantly more common than pure inattentive type ADHD. Boys and older preschoolers (4- and 5-year-olds vs 2- and 3-year-olds) are more likely to meet criteria for ADHD. Preschoolers with ADHD are significantly impaired in their relationships with adults and other children, in their functioning at home and outside the home, and in cognitive and academic performance. Preschoolers with ADHD are significantly more likely to meet criteria for other psychiatric disorders and those who do meet criteria for other psychiatric disorders are more severely impaired than preschoolers with ADHD alone. Despite the severity of impairment, only about a quarter of preschoolers with ADHD are referred for mental health evaluation or treatment. Preschool ADHD predicts future ADHD and persistent impairment. Preschoolers with ADHD look like older children with ADHD with similar symptom presentations, associated features, and prognosis. These findings suggest that DSM-IV-TR ADHD is a reliable and valid diagnosis for children aged 2 through 5 years.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1097/00001163-200604000-00004

Cites

37 of 37 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Barkley, 1991, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, 752

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 137

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Egger, H. L., Kondo, D., & Angold, A.
Affiliations
Duke University (US)
ORCID
Venue
Infants & Young Children
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2006-04
Volume
19
Issue
2
Pages
109-122
ISSN
0896-3746 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1097/00001163-200604000-00004
OpenAlex
W2321811198
Cited by
137
References
37
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
FWCI
4.04
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Infants & Young Children (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
Keywords
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, preschool children, ADHD prevalence, disease classification, DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria, hyperactive-impulsive type, combined type, inattentive subtype, psychiatric comorbidity, functional disability, underdiagnosis, prognosis, sex differences, age differences

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review