The British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Survey 1999: The Prevalence of DSM-IV Disorders
Open accessAbstract
Objective To describe the prevalence of DSM-IV disorders and comorbidity in a large population-based sample of British children and adolescents.Method Using a one-phase design, 10,438 children were assessed using the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA), a structured interview with verbatim reports reviewed by clinicians so that information from parents, teachers, and children was combined in a manner that emulated the clinical process. The authors' analysis examined comorbidity and the influence of teacher reports.Results The overall prevalence of DSM-IV disorders was 9.5% (95% confidence interval 8.8-10.1%), but 2.1% of children were assigned "not otherwise specified" rather than operationalized diagnoses. After adjusting for the presence of a third disorder, there was no longer significant comorbidity between anxiety and conduct disorder or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or between depression and oppositional defiant disorder. A comparison of the disorders in children with and without teacher reports suggested that the prevalence of conduct disorders and ADHD would be underestimated in the absence of teacher information.Conclusions Roughly 1 in 10 children have at least one DSM-IV disorder, involving a level of distress or social impairment likely to warrant treatment. Comorbidity reported between some childhood diagnoses may be due to the association of both disorders with a third. Diagnoses of conduct disorder and ADHD may be missed if information is not sought from teachers about children's functioning in school.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
DSM diagnostic criteria for adolescent MDD have low diagnostic validity and specificity, resulting in unclear diagnostic boundaries especially with regard to generalized and social anxiety.
“the DSM diagnostic criteria for adolescent MDD have low diagnostic validity and specificity, resulting in unclear diagnostic boundaries especially with regard to generalized and social anxiety”
From Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a novel RDoC-based treatment program for adolescent depression: "Training for Awareness Resilience and Action" (TARA)-A pilot study (2017) · cites this paper as [10]
The “Not Otherwise Specified” Disorders section says some impaired children have symptoms spanning DSM-IV categories without meeting criteria for one diagnosis, and the Comorbidity section reports overlap between anxiety and depression. These findings support a general concern about classification boundaries, but the paper does not establish that adolescent MDD criteria have low validity or specificity, or that boundaries are especially unclear with generalized and social anxiety. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredChildren exposed to early adverse childhood experiences in general, and more specifically children placed in foster care, have a heightened risk of attachment difficulties.
“Findings indicate that children exposed to early adverse childhood experiences in general [22] and more specifically children placed in foster care have a heightened risk of attachment difficulties [23,24].”
From Mental disorders in foster children: a study of prevalence, comorbidity and risk factors (2013) · cites this paper as [23]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2013) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 · Cited by 116,369 · see citing works
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,841 · see citing works
Angold, A., Costello, E. J., & Erkanli, A. (1999) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00424 · Cited by 1,872 · see citing works
Goodman, R., Ford, T., Richards, H., Gatward, R., & Meltzer, H. (2000) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2000.tb02345.x · Cited by 1,755 · see citing works
Self-citationSHAFFER, D., FISHER, P., DULCAN, M. K., DAVIES, M., PIACENTINI, J., SCHWAB-STONE, M. E., LAHEY, B. B., BOURDON, K., JENSEN, P. S., BIRD, H. R., et al. (1996) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199607000-00012 · Cited by 1,587 · see citing works
Lewinsohn, P. M., Hops, H., Roberts, R. E., Seeley, J. R., & Andrews, J. A. (1993) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.102.1.133 · Cited by 1,547 · see citing works
DSM-III Disorders in Preadolescent Children
Anderson, J. C. (1987) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800130081010 · Cited by 1,466 · see citing works
Mental health of children and adolescents in Great Britain
Meltzer, H., Gatward, R., Goodman, R., & Ford, T. (2003) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/0954026021000046155 · Cited by 1,214 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Great Smoky Mountains Study of Youth
Costello, E. J. (1996) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1996.01830120067012 · Cited by 1,088 · see citing works
Offord, D. R. (1987) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800210084013 · Cited by 1,044 · see citing works
The Mental Health of Children and Adolescents in Great Britain
Meltzer, H., Gatward, R., Goodman, R., & Ford, T. J. (2000) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e622732007-001 · Cited by 905 · see citing works
Self-citationEstimnates of the Prevalence of Childhood Maladjustment in a Community Survey in Puerto Rico
Bird, H. (1988) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1988.01800360068010 · Cited by 716 · see citing works
Isle of Wight Studies, 1964–1974
Rutter, M. L., Tizard, J., Yule, W., GRAHAM, P. J., & Whitmore, K. (1976) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329170001388x · Cited by 674 · see citing works
Prevalence of Psychopathology Among Children and Adolescents
ROBERTS, R. E., Attkisson, C. C., & Rosenblatt, A. (1998) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.155.6.715 · Cited by 672 · see citing works
DSM-III Disorders in a Large Sample of Adolescents
McGee, R. O., Feehan, M., Williams, S., Partridge, F. M., Silva, P. A., & KELLY, J. (1990) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199007000-00016 · Cited by 644 · see citing works
The Prevalence of DSM-III-R Diagnoses in a National Sample of Dutch Adolescents
Verhulst, F. C. (1997) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830160049008 · Cited by 554 · see citing works
Aggregating Data from Multiple Informants in Child Psychiatry Epidemiological Research
Bird, H., Gould, M. S., & STAGHEZZA, B. M. (1992) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199201000-00012 · Cited by 552 · see citing works
Angold, A. C., Costello, E. J., Farmer, E. M. Z., Burns, B. J., & ERKANLI, A. (1999) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199902000-00011 · Cited by 545 · see citing works
Prevalence and Comorbidity of DSM-III-R Diagnoses in a Birth Cohort of 15 Year Olds
Fergusson, D. M., Horwood, L. J., & Lynskey, M. T. (1993) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199311000-00004 · Cited by 442 · see citing works
Boyle, M. H. (1987) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800210078012 · Cited by 402 · see citing works
Criterion Validity of the NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version 2.3 (DISC-2.3)
Schwab‐Stone, M., Shaffer, D., Dulcan, M. K., Jensen, P. S., Fisher, P. W., Bird, H., Goodman, S. H., LAHEY, B. B., Lichtman, J. H., CANINO, G. J., et al. (1996) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199607000-00013 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Kashani, J. H., Beck, N. C., Hoeper, E. W., Fallahi, C., Corcoran, C. M., McAllister, J. A., Rosenberg, T. K., & Reid, J. C. (1987) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.144.5.584 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Esser, G., Mh, S., & Woerner, W. (1990) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb01565.x · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Quebec Child Mental Health Survey: Prevalence of DSM-III-R Mental Health Disorders
Breton, J., Bergeron, L., Valla, J., Berthiaume, C., Gaudet, N., Lambert, J., St‐Georges, M., Houde, L., & Lépine, S. (1999) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00455 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Simonoff, E. (1997) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830210039004 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Lewinsohn, P. M., Hops, H., ROBERTS, R. E., Seeley, J. R., & Andrews, J. A. (1993) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.102.4.517 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Goodman, S. H., Hoven, C. W., Narrow, W. E., Cohen, P. R., Fielding, B., Alegria, M. M., Leaf, P. J., Kandel, D. B., Horwitz, S. M., Bravo, M., et al. (1998) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s001270050039 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
How Can Epidemiology Improve Mental Health Services for Children and Adolescents?
Costello, E. J., Burns, B. J., Angold, A. C., & Leaf, P. J. (1993) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199311000-00002 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
The Chartres Study: I. Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders Among French School-Aged Children
Fombonne, E. J. (1994) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.164.1.69 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Bias resulting from missing information: some epidemiological findings.
Cox, A., Rutter, M. L., Yule, B., & Quinton, D. (1977) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.31.2.131 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Determinants of Reliability in Psychiatric Surveys of Children Aged 6–12
Fallon, T., & Schwab‐Stone, M. (1994) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01282.x · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Mental health problems of children in the community: 18 month follow up
Goodman, R., Ford, T., & Meltzer, H. (2002) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7352.1496 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationOntario Child Health Study: Social and School Impairments in Children Aged 6 to 16 Years
Sanford, M., Offord, D. R., Boyle, M. H., Peace, A. L., & Racine, Y. A. (1992) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199201000-00010 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Prevalence of mental disorders among children in Valencia, Spain
Gómez-Beneyto, M., Bonet, A. R., Catalá, M. A., Puche, E., & Vila, V. (1994) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01528.x · Cited by 64 · see citing works
PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIOLOGY IN A SAMPLE OF 1510 TEN‐YEAR‐OLD CHILDREN–I. PREVALENCE
Vikan, A. (1985) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1985.tb01628.x · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Rating Child Psychiatric Caseness From Detailed Case Histories
Goodman, R., Yude, C., Richards, H., & Taylor, E. (1996) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01418.x · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationThe prevalence of psychiatric disorders in 7-14 year olds in the south east of Brazil.
Fleitlich‐Bilyk, B. (2002) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Stata Corporation (1997), STATA Reference Manual, Release 6, Volume 4, Su-Z. College Station, TX: Stata Press, pp 15-99
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: a systematic review and metaregression analysis
Polanczyk, G., de Lima, M. S., Horta, B. L., Biederman, J., & Rohde, L. A. (2007) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2007.164.6.942 · Cited by 5,346 · see citing works
“For instance, applying the same methodological procedures and diagnostic criterion, very similar rates of ADHD/HD were found in Russia (20) and Britain (21) (1.”
MethodInfluentialPolanczyk, G. V., Salum, G. A., Sugaya, L. S., Caye, A., & Rohde, L. A. (2015) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12381 · Cited by 3,990 · see citing works
The size and burden of mental disorders and other disorders of the brain in Europe 2010
Wittchen, H. U., Jacobi, F., Rehm, J., Gustavsson, A., Svensson, M., Jönsson, B., Olesen, J., Allgulander, C., Alonso, J., Faravelli, C., et al. (2011) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2011.07.018 · Cited by 3,754 · see citing works
Simonoff, E., Pickles, A., Charman, T., Chandler, S., Loucas, T., & Baird, G. (2008) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e318179964f · Cited by 3,399 · see citing works
Salk, R. H., Hyde, J. S., & Abramson, L. Y. (2017) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000102 · Cited by 2,622 · see citing works
“Study d Country NM NF Measure Year Age Sample E F Aalto et al. (2012)a .27 Finland 326 371 BDI 2001 30–34 Health 2000 2 Aalto et al. (2012)a .29 Finland 353 388 BDI 2001 35–39 Health 2000 2 Aalto et al. (2012)a .14 Finland 341 381 BDI 2001 40–44 Health 2000 2 Aalto et al. (2012)a .10 Finland 379 435 BDI 2001 45–49 Hea…”
InfluentialThapar, A., Collishaw, S., Pine, D. S., & Thapar, A. K. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60871-4 · Cited by 2,365 · see citing works
(2009)
Cost of disorders of the brain in Europe 2010
Gustavsson, A., Svensson, M., Jacobi, F., Allgulander, C., Alonso, J., Beghi, E., Dodel, R., Ekman, M., Faravelli, C., Fratiglioni, L., et al. (2011) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2011.08.008 · Cited by 1,723 · see citing works
“The number of persons with ADHD and CD is based on a prevalence rate that was estimated, weighted for sample size, using epidemiological studies as selected based on searches in Pubmed/Medline (Baumgaertel et al., 1995; Döpfner et al., 2008; Esser et al., 1990; Ford et al., 2003; Gomez-Beneyto et al., 1994; Kroes et a…”
Egger, H. L., & Angold, A. (2006) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01618.x · Cited by 1,575 · see citing works
Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents with Autistic Spectrum Disorders: A Meta-Analysis
van Steensel, F. J. A., Bögels, S. M., & Perrin, S. (2011) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-011-0097-0 · Cited by 1,463 · see citing works
Goodman, A., Lamping, D. L., & Ploubidis, G. B. (2010) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-010-9434-x · Cited by 1,570 · see citing works
“One alternative which can be justified on theoretical grounds would combine the emotional and peer items into an ‘internalizing’ subscale and the behavioral and hyperactivity items into an ‘externalizing’ subscale.”
BackgroundInfluentialEpidemiology of mental disorders in children and adolescents
Merikangas, K. R., Nakamura, E. F., & Kessler, R. C. (2009) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2009.11.1/krmerikangas · Cited by 1,246 · see citing works
“Some recent studies have shown lower rates of ADHD among Mexican-Americans residing in the US,(60) and among Asian children in the UK.(59)”
BackgroundInfluentialCostello, E. J., Egger, H., & Angold, A. (2005) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000172552.41596.6f · Cited by 1,134 · see citing works
“The United Kingdom has recently carried out a national prevalence study (Ford et al., 2003; Meltzer et al., 2003b), and it”
BackgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Thapar, A., & Cooper, M. (2015) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00238-x · Cited by 1,081 · see citing works
Stone, L. L., Otten, R., Engels, R. C. M. E., Vermulst, A. A., & Janssens, J. M. A. M. (2010) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-010-0071-2 · Cited by 1,031 · see citing works
“Behavioral disorders, such as oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and emotional disorders, such as anxiety and depressive disorders are diagnosed most frequently in children (Canino et al. 2004; Egger and Angold 2006; Ford et al. 2003).”
BackgroundInfluentialPurdie, N., Dudgeon, P., & Walker, R. (2014) · Murdoch University Research Portal · Cited by 1,009 · see citing works
Is there an epidemic of child or adolescent depression?
Jane Costello, E., Erkanli, A., & Angold, A. (2006) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01682.x · Cited by 983 · see citing works
Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire as a Dimensional Measure of Child Mental Health
Goodman, A., & Goodman, R. (2009) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e3181985068 · Cited by 977 · see citing works
“The Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) is a detailed psychiatric interview for parents and children aged 11 to 16 years and a briefer questionnaire for teachers.(4,5) It includes a fully structured section (including screening questions and skip rules) followed by open-ended descriptions by respondents of a…”
MethodSelf-citationCostello, E. J., Copeland, W., & Angold, A. (2011) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02446.x · Cited by 864 · see citing works
“BCAMHS, British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Survey: 11–12 years versus 13–15 years (Ford et al., 2003), 13– 16 years (Green et al.”
BackgroundCognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents
James, A. C., James, G., Cowdrey, F. A., Soler, A., & Choke, A. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004690.pub4 · Cited by 876 · see citing works
BIEDERMAN, J., MONUTEAUX, M. C., MICK, E., SPENCER, T., WILENS, T. E., SILVA, J. M., SNYDER, L. E., & FARAONE, S. V. (2006) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291705006410 · Cited by 850 · see citing works
“However, there is some evidence that the association between ADHD and depression is attenuated when other psychiatric disorders are controlled (Ford et al. 2003).”
BackgroundChildhood and Adolescent Psychiatric Disorders as Predictors of Young Adult Disorders
Copeland, W. E., Shanahan, L., Costello, E. J., & Angold, A. (2009) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.85 · Cited by 844 · see citing works
“Yet, disorders tend to co-occur, and when comorbidity is not taken into account, pairwise associations may simply represent indirect effects rather than direct associations.(36,37) For example, bivariate analyses may suggest that childhood anxiety disorders predict adolescent depression, but this association could be…”
BackgroundAnxiety Disorders During Childhood and Adolescence: Origins and Treatment
Rapee, R. M., Schniering, C. A., & Hudson, J. L. (2009) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.032408.153628 · Cited by 821 · see citing works
Froehlich, T. E., Lanphear, B., Epstein, J. N., Barbaresi, W., Katusic, S., & Kahn, R. (2007) · Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.161.9.857 · Cited by 779 · see citing works
“In this sample, ADHD-IA was the most common ADHD subtype, a finding that concurs with 2 US regional and 2 international population-based studies of ADHD prevalence(16,27,33,47) but is in contrast to the results of 1 US regional(30) and 2 international population-based investigations.(34,35) Possible reasons for differ…”
Adult mental health disorders and their age at onset
Jones, P. B. (2013) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.112.119164 · Cited by 701 · see citing works
The Multi-dimensional Analysis of Social Exclusion
Levitas, R., Pantazis, C., Fahmy, E., Gordon, D., Lloyd, E., & Patsios, D. (2007) · UEL Research Repository (University of East London) · Cited by 678 · see citing works
The global prevalence of ADHD in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Salari, N., Ghasemi, H., Abdoli, N., Rahmani, A., Shiri, M. H., Hashemian, A. H., Akbari, H., & Mohammadi, M. (2023) · Italian Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s13052-023-01456-1 · Cited by 670 · see citing works
“[43] 2003 England DSM-IV and ICD-10 5–12”
Ebert, D. D., Zarski, A.-C., Christensen, H., Stikkelbroek, Y., Cuijpers, P., Berking, M., & Riper, H. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119895 · Cited by 533 · see citing works
“Introduction Depression and anxiety are common in children and adolescents (in the following referred to collectively as youth) [1–3] and often co-occur [4, 5].”
BackgroundAnxiety in a neglected population: Prevalence of anxiety disorders in pre-adolescent children
Cartwright-Hatton, S., McNicol, K., & Doubleday, E. (2006) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2005.12.002 · Cited by 543 · see citing works
Rapee, R. M., Oar, E. L., Johnco, C. J., Forbes, M. K., Fardouly, J., Magson, N. R., & Richardson, C. E. (2019) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2019.103501 · Cited by 533 · see citing works
Brookes, K., Xu, X., Chen, W., Zhou, K., Neale, B., Lowe, N., Aneey, R., Franke, B., Gill, M., Ebstein, R., et al. (2006) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001869 · Cited by 533 · see citing works
Prevalence of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Disorders in Southeast Brazil
Fleitlich‐Bilyk, B., & Goodman, R. (2004) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000120021.14101.ca · Cited by 518 · see citing works
Self-citationA hierarchical causal taxonomy of psychopathology across the life span.
Lahey, B. B., Krueger, R. F., Rathouz, P. J., Waldman, I. D., & Zald, D. H. (2017) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000069 · Cited by 443 · see citing works
Depression in men in the postnatal period and later child psychopathology: a population cohort study
Ramchandani, P., Stein, A., O'Connor, T., Heron, J., Murray, L., & Evans, J. (2008) · Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e31816429c2 · Cited by 471 · see citing works
Co?existing disorders in ADHD ? implications for diagnosis and intervention
Gillberg, C., Gillberg, I. C., Rasmussen, P., Kadesj�, B., S�derstr�m, H., R�stam, M., Johnson, M., Rothenberger, A., & Niklasson, L. (2004) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-004-1008-4 · Cited by 448 · see citing works
“Interestingly, in the British Child Mental Health survey [35], anxiety disorder was not “comorbid” with ADHD when adjustment for the presence of a third DSM disorder had been made.”
BackgroundCostello, E. J., Foley, D. L., & Angold, A. C. (2005) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000184929.41423.c0 · Cited by 436 · see citing works
“One important conclusion to be drawn from recent studies (Angold et al., 1999; Ford et al., 2003) is that some examples of comorbidity may turn out to be ‘‘epiphenomenal’’ (Angold et al.”
Mindfulness training for adolescents with externalizing disorders and their parents
Bögels, S., Hoogstad, B., van Dun, L., de Schutter, S., & Restifo, K. (2008) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465808004190 · Cited by 432 · see citing works
Effectiveness of the Mindfulness in Schools Programme: non-randomised controlled feasibility study
Kuyken, W., Weare, K., Ukoumunne, O. C., Vicary, R., Motton, N., Burnett, R., Cullen, C., Hennelly, S., & Huppert, F. (2013) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.113.126649 · Cited by 427 · see citing works
The persisting effect of maternal mood in pregnancy on childhood psychopathology
O'Donnell, K. J., Glover, V., Barker, E. D., & O'Connor, T. G. (2014) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579414000029 · Cited by 425 · see citing works
The etiology of social anxiety disorder: An evidence-based model.
Spence, S., & Rapee, R. (2016) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2016.06.007 · Cited by 426 · see citing works
Stringaris, A., & Goodman, R. (2009) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e3181984f30 · Cited by 400 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychiatric Disorders in Norwegian 8- to 10-Year-Olds
HEIERVANG, E., STORMARK, K. M., LUNDERVOLD, A. J., HEIMANN, M., GOODMAN, R., POSSERUD, M.-B., ULLEBØ, A. K., PLESSEN, K. J., BJELLAND, I., LIE, S. A., et al. (2007) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e31803062bf · Cited by 392 · see citing works
“The observed associations with male gender and learning disabilities have been confirmed in other recent surveys of child mental disorders across different economic and cultural settings (Canino et al., 2004; Costello et al., 2003; Ford et al., 2003; Goodman et al., 2005b).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationSandra Kooij, J. J., Marije Boonstra, A., Swinkels, S. H. N., Bekker, E. M., de Noord, I., & Buitelaar, J. K. (2008) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054707299367 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Psychiatric Disorders in Extremely Preterm Children: Longitudinal Finding at Age 11 Years in the EPI
Johnson, S., Hollis, C., Kochhar, P., Hennessy, E., Wolke, D., & Marlow, N. (2010) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2010.02.002 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Outcomes of conduct problems in adolescence: 40 year follow-up of national cohort
Colman, I., Murray, J., Abbott, R. A., Maughan, B., Kuh, D. J., Croudace, T. J., & Jones, P. B. (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.a2981 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Population prevalence of Tourette syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Scharf, J. M., Miller, L. L., Gauvin, C. A., Alabiso, J., Mathews, C. A., & Ben‐Shlomo, Y. (2014) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.26089 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Sex differences in predicting ADHD clinical diagnosis and pharmacological treatment
Mowlem, F. D., Rosenqvist, M. A., Martin, J., Lichtenstein, P., Asherson, P. J., & Larsson, H. (2018) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-018-1211-3 · Cited by 377 · see citing works
KOENEN, K. C., MOFFITT, T. E., POULTON, R., MARTIN, J., & CASPI, A. (2007) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291706009019 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
“%) in community samples (Costello et al. 2003; Ford et al. 2003).”
BackgroundCoghill, D., & Sonuga‐Barke, E. J. S. (2012) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02511.x · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Three dimensions of oppositionality in youth
Stringaris, A., & Goodman, R. (2009) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01989.x · Cited by 363 · see citing works
“Previous studies based on this dataset have shown that although weighting, stratification and clustering need to be taken into account when calculating exact prevalences (Ford et al., 2003), these design effects were sufficiently small that no adjustment was necessary when patterns of association are being established…”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationDevelopmental transitions among affective and behavioral disorders in adolescent boys
Burke, J. D., Loeber, R., Lahey, B. B., & Rathouz, P. J. (2005) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.00422.x · Cited by 357 · see citing works
“Further, the diagnostic exclusionary criteria (APA, 1994) establishing that a clinical diagnosis of ODD may not be given when CD is present likely contributes to a disinclination to study the two separately (e.g., Ford, Goodman, & Meltzer, 2003 ).”
BackgroundCognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents
James, A. C., James, G., Cowdrey, F. A., Soler, A., & Choke, A. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004690.pub3 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Variations in prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder worldwide
Skounti, M., Philalithis, A. E., & Galanakis, E. (2006) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-006-0299-5 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
“studies [20, 25, 36, 49] reported prevalence rates from 2.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialRaman, S. R., Man, K. K. C., Bahmanyar, S., Bérard, A., Bilder, S., Boukhris, T., Bushnell, G., Crystal, S., Furu, K., KaoYang, Y.-H., et al. (2018) · Lancet psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(18)30293-1 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Brookes, K., Mill, J., Guindalini, C., Curran, S., Xu, X.-H., Knight, J., Chen, C.-K., Huang, Y.-S., Sethna, V., Taylor, E., et al. (2006) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.1.74 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Georgiades, K., Duncan, L., Wang, L., Comeau, J., Boyle, M. H., & 2014 Ontario Child Health Study Team (2019) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0706743719830024 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
“For example, disruptive behaviour disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder are more common among boys compared to girls, while mood and anxiety disorders are more common among adolescent girls.(1,2,4,6,7) Consistent differences in prevalence by family socioeconomic circumstances and composition, immigran…”
BackgroundPennant, M. E., Loucas, C. E., Whittington, C., Creswell, C., Fonagy, P., Fuggle, P., Kelvin, R., Naqvi, S., Stockton, S., & Kendall, T. (2015) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.01.009 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
“In adolescence, rates of anxiety disorders remain similar and rates of depression rise to 3% (Costello et al., 2003; Ford et al., 2003; Lewinsohn et al., 1993), with cumulative prevalence of anxiety disorders and depression of around 10% and 25% respectively by 18 years (Lewinsohn et al., 1993;…”
Backgroundas the BELLA study group, Ravens‐Sieberer, U., Wille, N., Erhart, M., Bettge, S., Wïttchen, H., Rothenberger, A., Herpertz‐Dahlmann, B., Resch, F., Hölling, H., et al. (2008) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-008-1003-2 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
“However, unlike other German and international studies which report higher prevalence rates in samples of older children and adolescents [8, 23 ], our findings suggest a small decrease in overall mental health problems in the older age group.”
ResultKey findings from the second Australian Child and Adolescent Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing
Lawrence, D., Hafekost, J., Johnson, S. E., Saw, S., Buckingham, W. J., Sawyer, M. G., Ainley, J., & Zubrick, S. R. (2016) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867415617836 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
“Since that time, the British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Survey has been conducted twice (Ford et al., 2003; Green et al., 2005), and mental disorders were assessed in adolescents in the United States in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2001–2004 (Merikangas et al.”
BackgroundChildhood eating disorders: British national surveillance study
Nicholls, D., Lynn, R. M., & Viner, R. (2011) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.110.081356 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Ormel, J., Raven, D., van Oort, F., Hartman, C. A., Reijneveld, S. A., Veenstra, R., Vollebergh, W. A. M., Buitelaar, J., Verhulst, F. C., & Oldehinkel, A. J. (2015) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291714001469 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
“Our results regarding sociodemographic variables are largely consistent with previous research (McGee et al. 1992; Costello et al. 1996, 2005b; Verhulst et al. 1997; Fergusson & Horwood, 2001; Ford et al. 2003; Merikangas et al. 2010; Kessler et al. 2012a).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialWhat causes attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?
Thapar, A., Cooper, M., Jefferies, R., & Stergiakouli, E. (2011) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/archdischild-2011-300482 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Richardson, T., Stallard, P., & Velleman, S. (2010) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-010-0069-9 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
“Similarly, in the United Kingdom, Ford et al. (2003b) found that only 22% of those with significant mental health disorders had received treatment from specialist child and adolescent mental health services in the past 18 months, with those with emotional disorders being the least likely to receive…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialInternational trends in antipsychotic use: A study in 16 countries, 2005–2014
Hálfdánarson, Ó., Zoëga, H., Aagaard, L., Bernardo, M., Brandt, L., Fusté, A. C., Furu, K., Garuolienè, K., Hoffmann, F., Huybrechts, K. F., et al. (2017) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.07.001 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
“This probably re fl ects the epidemiologic distribution of those psychiatric disorders and symptoms for which treatment with antipsychotics is an option (Ford et al., 2003; Reynolds et al., 2015).”
BackgroundZwierzynska, K., Dieter Wolke, C., & Lereya, S. T. (2012) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-012-9678-8 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
“5% and 5%, in a nationally representative UK sample (Ford et al. 2003).”
BackgroundKiGGS Study Group, Hölling, H., Schlack, R., Petermann, F., Ravens‐Sieberer, U., & Mauz, E. (2014) · Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz · doi:10.1007/s00103-014-1979-3 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Prevalence of Parent-Reported ASD and ADHD in the UK: Findings from the Millennium Cohort Study
Russell, G., Rodgers, L. R., Ukoumunne, O. C., & Ford, T. J. (2013) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-013-1849-0 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
“5 % is very similar to previous estimates for ADHD and hyperkinetic disorder in the UK based on research diagnosis (Ford et al. 2003; Green et al. 2005).”
ResultSelf-citationComorbidity of internalizing disorders in children with oppositional defiant disorder
Boylan, K., Vaillancourt, T., Boyle, M., & Szatmári, P. (2007) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-007-0624-1 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Bøe, T., Sivertsen, B., Heiervang, E. R., Goodman, R., Lundervold, A. J., & Hysing, M. (2013) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-013-9818-9 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
“In addition, epidemiological studies of child and adolescent mental health problems have found large degrees of overlap between diagnostic groups (Ford et al. 2003; Heiervang et al. 2007; Merikangas et al. 2010), but few studies of the family process model have considered comorbidity (i.e. presence…”
BackgroundSelf-citationForness, S. R., Freeman, S. F. N., Paparella, T., Kauffman, J. M., & Walker, H. M. (2011) · Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders · doi:10.1177/1063426611401624 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
PTSD in children and adolescents: toward an empirically based algorithma
Scheeringa, M. S., Zeanah, C. H., & Cohen, J. A. (2011) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20736 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Transition of care from child to adult mental health services: the great divide
Singh, S. P. (2009) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0b013e32832c9221 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
“common in adolescence, both in terms of psychiatric disorder and additional problems; and comorbidity among those attending CAMHS is likely to be even higher [5, 6].”
Goodman, A., & Goodman, R. (2010) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02278.x · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Self-citationInfluence of gender on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Europe – ADORE
Nøvik, T. S., Amaia Hervas, G., Ralston, S. J., Dalsgaard, S., Pereira, R. R., Lorenzo, M. J., & ADORE Study Group* (2006) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-006-1003-z · Cited by 240 · see citing works
“2 % of any ADHD,and a 1:4 ratio in girls compared to boys [11].”
BackgroundMental disorders in foster children: a study of prevalence, comorbidity and risk factors
Lehmann, S., Havik, O. E., Havik, T., & Heiervang, E. R. (2013) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/1753-2000-7-39 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
“Age, sex, and learning difficulties [31,32], as well as low socioeconomic status [33,34], are well-established predictors of mental health problems in children in general.”
BackgroundSchrieken, M., Visser, J. C., Oosterling, I. J., van Steijn, D. J., Bons, D. M. A., Draaisma, J. M. T., van der Gaag, R. J., Buitelaar, J. K., Donders, R., & Rommelse, N. N. J. (2012) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-012-0318-1 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Finning, K., Ukoumunne, O. C., Ford, T. J., Danielsson-Waters, E., Shaw, L., Jager, I. R. D., Stentiford, L., & Moore, D. A. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.055 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Self-citationYoshimasu, K., Barbaresi, W. J., Colligan, R. C., Voigt, R. G., Killian, J. M., Weaver, A. L., & Katusic, S. K. (2012) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02567.x · Cited by 290 · see citing works
“The strongest association was between ADHD and ODD/CD, generally consistent with previous school/ community-based studies (Ford et al., 2003; Kadesjo & Gillberg, 2001; Romano et al., 2005; Smalley et al., 2007).”
BackgroundResultInvolvement in bullying and depression in a 2-year follow-up in middle adolescence
Kaltiala‐Heino, R., Fröjd, S. A., & MARTTUNEN, M. J. (2009) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-009-0039-2 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
“For example, in depression research the usefulness of samples with both children and adolescents in studies of risk factors has been criticised, considering the increase in prevalence of during transition from childhood to adolescence [14, 20, 40].”
BackgroundZwi, M., Jones, H. G., Thorgaard, C., York, A., & Dennis, J. A. (2011) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003018.pub3 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Practitioner Review: Non‐pharmacological treatments for ADHD: A lifespan approach
Young, S., & Amarasinghe, M. (2009) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02191.x · Cited by 225 · see citing works
de Wied, M. A., Boxtel, A. V., Matthys, W., & Meeus, W. (2011) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-011-9557-8 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
“Disruptive behavior disorders (DBD), including oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD), are the most prevalent psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents (e.g., Ford et al. 2003; Verhulst et al. 1997).”
BackgroundFrancis, D. A., Caruana, N., Hudson, J. L., & McArthur, G. M. (2018) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2018.09.002 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
250 labels used to stigmatise people with mental illness
Rose, D., Thornicroft, G., Pinfold, V., & Kassam, A. (2007) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/1472-6963-7-97 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
“Yet mental illnesses among children and adolescents are common, affecting about 10% of young people [6,7].”
BackgroundNiclasen, J., Teasdale, T. W., Andersen, A. N., Skovgaard, A. M., Elberling, H., & Obel, C. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032025 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
“Mental health problems of children and adolescents occur frequently in the general population with prevalence rates of psychopathology estimated from 7% in rural Brazil and Norway, 10% in Britain and Denmark and up to 15% in Russia and Bangladesh [1–6].”
Mullick, M. S. I., & Goodman, R. (2005) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-005-0939-5 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
“The prevalence is probably higher still in adolescents [9].”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationRamchandani, P. G., O’Connor, T. G., Evans, J., Heron, J., Murray, L., & Stein, A. L. (2008) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02000.x · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: treatment discontinuation in adolescents and young adults
McCarthy, S., Asherson, P., Coghill, D., Hollis, C., Murray, M., Potts, L., Sayal, K., de Soysa, R., Taylor, E., Williams, T., et al. (2009) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.107.045245 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Rates of DSM-IV psychiatric disorders among adolescents in a large metropolitan area.
Roberts, R. E., Roberts, C. R., & Xing, Y. (2007) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2006.09.006 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
“Similar to the findings from other studies of children and adolescents, without adjusting for impairment, we found many of the expected associations of psychiatric disorders with gender and age (Costello et al., 1997; Ford et al., 2003; Feehan et al., 1994; Lewinsohn et al., 1993; Bird et al., 1989; Simpson et al., 20…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSubthreshold depression in children and adolescents – a systematic review
Wesselhoeft, R. T., Sørensen, M. J., Heiervang, E. R., & Bilenberg, N. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.06.010 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Long-term outcomes of obsessive–compulsive disorder: follow-up of 142 children and adolescents
Micali, N., Heyman, I., Pérez, M., Hilton, K., Nakatani, E., Turner, C. M., & Mataix‐Cols, D. (2010) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.109.075317 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Prevalence of DSM-IV Disorder in a Representative, Healthy Birth Cohort at School Entry
Carter, A. S., Wagmiller, R. J., Gray, S. A. O., McCarthy, K. J., Horwitz, S. M., & Briggs‐Gowan, M. J. (2010) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2010.03.018 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
The Co-Development of Parenting Stress and Childhood Internalizing and Externalizing Problems
Stone, L. L., Mares, S. H., Otten, R., Engels, R., & Janssens, J. (2015) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-015-9500-3 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
“Regarding internalizing problems, no such gender differences were found (Ford et al. 2003).”
BackgroundViner, R., Booy, R., Johnson, H., Edmunds, W. J., Hudson, L. D., Bedford, H. E., Kaczmarski, E., Rajput, K. M., Ramsay, M. E., & Christie, D. (2012) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(12)70180-1 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Seixas, M., Weiss, M., & Müller, U. (2012) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881111412095 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
“…hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder, with a worldwide prevalence estimated to lie between 0.85% and 10% in childhood and adolescence, and between 0.5% and 4.4% in adulthood (Fayyad et al., 2007; Ford et al., 2003; Kessler et al., 2006; Polanczyk et al., 2007).”
BackgroundInfluentialEconomic cost of severe antisocial behaviour in children - and who pays it
Romeo, R., Knapp, M. R. J., & Scott, S. (2006) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.104.007625 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Mental Health and Childhood Adversities: A Longitudinal Study in Kabul, Afghanistan
Panter‐Brick, C., Goodman, A., Tol, W. A., & Eggerman, M. (2011) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2010.12.001 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Lyneham, H. J., & Rapee, R. M. (2005) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200503000-00012 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Epidemiologic Considerations in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Review and Update
Polanczyk, G., & Jensen, P. (2008) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2007.11.006 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
“ontana, et al [37] Brazil 6–12 DSM-IV An ord, et al [38] Great Britain 5–15 DSM-IV Bes adow, et al [39] Ukraine 10–12 DSM-IV Par au, et al [40] South Taiwan 13–15 DSM-IV Bes aub and Carlson [41] United States Grades 1–5 DSM-IV Tea omez, et al [42] Australia 5–11 DSM-IV An oodman, et al [43] England and Scotland 5–15 D…”
Backgroundthe BELLA study group, Döpfner, M., Breuer, D., Wille, N., Erhart, M., & Ravens‐Sieberer, U. (2008) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-008-1007-y · Cited by 196 · see citing works
“The influence of age on the prevalence of ADHD was strongly supported by the findings of several studies from the United States, the United Kingdom, Spain, Canada and Germany, all of which show a decline in prevalence rates with age [14, 24, 27, 31].”
Result
- Authors
- FORD, T., GOODMAN, R., & MELTZER, H.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Office for National Statistics (GB)
- Venue
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-10
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1203-1211
- ISSN
- 0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2057670386
- Cited by
- 1,227
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 59 · 2016: 75 · 2015: 88 · 2014: 102 · 2013: 84 · 2012: 103
- FWCI
- 32.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Leicester Research Archive (University of Leicester) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Keywords
- child and adolescent mental health, DSM-IV disorders, prevalence, comorbidities, conduct disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety disorders, depression, oppositional defiant disorder, teacher reports, Development and Well-Being Assessment, school functioning
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Mental Disorders, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, United Kingdom, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Social Behavior, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
