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Coding of modified body schema during tool use by macaque postcentral neurones
Abstract
A tool is an extension of the hand in both a physical and a perceptual sense. The presence of body schemata has been postulated as the basis of the perceptual assimilation of tool and hand. We trained macaque monkeys to retrieve distant objects using a rake, and neuronal activity was recorded in the caudal postcentral gyrus where the somatosensory and visual signals converge. There we found a large number of bimodal neurones which appeared to code the schema of the hand. During tool use, their visual receptive fields were altered to include the entire length of the rake or to cover the expanded accessible space. These findings may represent neural correlates of the modified schema of the hand in which the tool was incorporated.
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“These additional regions encode diverse information related to one’s own body or the body of others, as well as their spatial position (such as PoCG, SII, LOC, or cerebellar lobule VI) (lriki et al. 1996; Disbrow et al. 2000; Grodd et al. 2001; Eickhoff et al. 2010; Bernasconi et al. 2018; Sonobe et al. 2023), visual and auditory space representation and movement detection (such as PT, STS, POS,”
From Neuroanatomical correlates of peripersonal space: bridging the gap between perception, action, emotion and social cognition (2024) · cites this paper as lriki et al. 1996
In the citing paper
“Tool use may cause changes in visuo-tactile integration (39–41) and in the receptive fields of visuo-tactile cells in the parietal cortex (42), so that it appears as if peripersonal space extends from the hand to the tool.”
From Threatening a rubber hand that you feel is yours elicits a cortical anxiety response. (2007) · cites this paper as [42]
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The macaque ventral intraparietal area has expanded into three homologue human parietal areasPreprint
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“More detailed Materials and Methods are described in the Supplemental Materials and Methods (SI Appendix).”
Die Planung und kognitive Repräsentation von Handlungen mit Werkzeugen
Massen, C. (2012) · Psychologische Rundschau · doi:10.1026/0033-3042/a000117 · Cited by 3
Meeting Cognitive, Behavioral, and Social Needs of Primates in Captivity
Talbot, C. F., Reamer, L. A., Lambeth, S. P., Schapiro, S. J., & Brosnan, S. F. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-82708-3_12 · Cited by 4
Chandrasekharan, S., Sinha, R., & Date, G. (2025) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-025-05081-9 · Cited by 3
Bertoni, T., Ricci, G., Jöhr, J., Donno, B., Cataldi, J., Fellrath, J., Stephan, A., Foglia, C., Lecci, S., Dauvin, F., et al. (2026) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102705 · Cited by 3
“PPS representation is plastic, 13,74 emerges from statistical regularities during body-environment interactions, 16 and plays a key role in priming relevant actions.”
Metadata
- Authors
- lriki, A., Tanaka, M., & Iwamura, Y.
- Affiliations
- Toho University (JP)
- Venue
- NeuroReport
- Published
- 1996-10
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 2325-2330
- ISSN
- 0959-4965 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2119233587
- Cited by
- 1,274
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 58 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 51 · 2014: 63 · 2013: 58 · 2012: 53
- FWCI
- 3.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuroreport (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Embodied and Extended Cognition
- Keywords
- body schema, tool use, bimodal neurons, somatosensory cortex, visual receptive fields, perceptual assimilation, macaque, neural coding
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Body Image, Macaca, Psychomotor Performance, Spatial Behavior, Visual Perception
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