Magnetically induced phosphenes in sighted, blind and blindsighted observers

Blindsight in man and monkey

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The Riddoch syndrome: insights into the neurobiology of conscious vision

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Human cortical magnification factor and its relation to visual acuity

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Occipital cortex in man: Organization of callosal connections, related myelo‐ and cytoarchitecture, and putative boundaries of functional visual areas

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Temporal aspects of visual search studied by transcranial magnetic stimulation.

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Phosphenes and transient scotomas induced by magnetic stimulation of the occipital lobe: their topographic relationship

Kammer, T. (1998) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(98)00093-1 · Cited by 170

Phosphenes Induced by Magnetic Stimulation Over the Occipital Brain: Description and Probable Site of Stimulation

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Topographic Organization of Human Visual Areas in the Absence of Input from Primary Cortex

Baseler, H. A., Morland, A. B., & Wandell, B. A. (1999) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.19-07-02619.1999 · Cited by 141

Cortical plasticity in perceptual learning demonstrated by transcranial magnetic stimulation

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Manifestation of scotomas created by transcranial magnetic stimulation of human visual cortex

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Electrical induction of vision

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Characterization of Visual Percepts Evoked by Noninvasive Stimulation of the Human Posterior Parietal Cortex

Fried, P. J., Elkin-Frankston, S., Rushmore, J., Hilgetag, C. C., & Valero‐Cabré, A. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0027204 · Cited by 37

Interhemispheric transfer of phosphenes generated by occipital versus parietal transcranial magnetic stimulation

Marzi, C. A., Mancini, F., & Savazzi, S. (2008) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-008-1496-4 · Cited by 37

On the “blindness” of blindsight: What is the evidence for phenomenal awareness in the absence of primary visual cortex (V1)?

Mazzi, C., Savazzi, S., & Silvanto, J. (2017) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.10.029 · Cited by 36

Abnormal functional connectivity between ipsilesional V5/MT+ and contralesional striate cortex (V1) in blindsight

Silvanto, J., Walsh, V., & Cowey, A. (2009) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-009-1712-x · Cited by 39

Mapping the visual brain areas susceptible to phosphene induction through brain stimulation

Schaeffner, L. F., & Welchman, A. E. (2016) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-016-4784-4 · Cited by 35

Visual area V5/hMT+ contributes to perception of tactile motion direction: a TMS study

Amemiya, T., Beck, B., Walsh, V., Gomi, H., & Haggard, P. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep40937 · Cited by 38

Transcranial magnetic stimulation entrains alpha oscillatory activity in occipital cortex

Lin, Y.-J., Shukla, L., Dugué, L., Valero‐Cabré, A., & Carrasco, M. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-96849-9 · Cited by 39

Edges, colour and awareness in blindsight

Alexander, I., & Cowey, A. (2010) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2010.01.008 · Cited by 33

Investigation of the primary visual cortex using short-interval paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

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Phosphene threshold as a function of contrast of external visual stimuli

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Feedforward and quick recurrent processes in early visual cortex revealed by TMS?

de Graaf, T. A., Goebel, R., & Sack, A. T. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.10.020 · Cited by 31

Methodologies for Identifying the Neural Correlates of Consciousness

Rees, G. E., & Frith, C. (2007) · Blackwell Publishing Ltd eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470751466.ch44 · Cited by 31

The Contributions of Sensory Dominance and Attentional Bias to Cross-modal Enhancement of Visual Cortex Excitability

Romei, V., Murray, M. M., Cappe, C., & Thut, G. (2013) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00367 · Cited by 31

Phosphenes, retinal discrete dark noise, negative afterimages and retinogeniculate projections: A new explanatory framework based on endogenous ocular luminescence

Salari, V., Scholkmann, F., Vimal, R. L. P., Császár, N., Aslani, M., & Bókkon, I. (2017) · Progress in Retinal and Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.07.001 · Cited by 28

Cognitive Neuroscience: Rewired or Crosswired Brains?

Kadosh, R. C., & Walsh, V. (2006) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.10.017 · Cited by 30

Variance in cortical depth across the brain surface: Implications for transcranial stimulation of the brain

Davis, N. J. (2020) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.14957 · Cited by 29

The Neurology of Consciousness: An Overview

Tononi, G., & Laureys, S. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374168-4.00028-9 · Cited by 32

La stimulation magnétique transcrânienne (SMT) dans la recherche fondamentale et clinique en neuroscience

Valero‐Cabré, A., Pascual‐Leone, Á., & Coubard, O. A. (2011) · Revue Neurologique · doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2010.10.013 · Cited by 46

Implicit Perception and Level of Processing in Object-Substitution Masking

Chen, Z., & Treisman, A. (2009) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02328.x · Cited by 28

Simultaneous TMS-fMRI of the Visual Cortex Reveals Functional Network, Even in Absence of Phosphene Sensation

Caparelli, E. C., Backus, W. W., Telang, F., Wang, G.-J., Maloney, T., Goldstein, R. Z., Anschel, D. J., & Henn, F. A. (2010) · The Open Neuroimaging Journal · doi:10.2174/1874440001004010100 · Cited by 27

Visual hallucinations during spontaneous and training-induced visual field recovery

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Neuromodulation of Early Multisensory Interactions in the Visual Cortex

Convento, S., Vallar, G., Galantini, C., & Bolognini, N. (2012) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00347 · Cited by 27

Phosphene thresholds evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation are insensitive to short-lasting variations in ambient light

Kammer, T., & Beck, S. (2002) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-002-1160-3 · Cited by 25

The cortical basis of global motion detection in blindsight

Alexander, I. H., & Cowey, A. (2008) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-008-1508-4 · Cited by 24

Inferior Parietal Lobule Encodes Visual Temporal Resolution Processes Contributing to the Critical Flicker Frequency Threshold in Humans

Nardella, A., Rocchi, L., Conte, A., Bologna, M., Suppa, A., & Berardelli, A. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098948 · Cited by 24

Magnetic Stimulation of the Left Visual Cortex Impairs Expert Word Recognition

Skarratt, P. A., & Michal Lavidor, B. (2006) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2006.18.10.1749 · Cited by 24

The sound-induced phosphene illusion

Bolognini, N., Convento, S., Fusaro, M., & Vallar, G. (2013) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-013-3711-1 · Cited by 22

A re-evaluation of blindsight and the role of striate cortex (V1) in visual awareness

Silvanto, J. (2008) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.04.014 · Cited by 22

Blindness and Consciousness

Pietrini, P., Ptito, M., & Kupers, R. C. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800948-2.00024-8 · Cited by 22

Inducing out-of-body experiences

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Transcranial alternating current stimulation reveals atypical 40 Hz phosphene thresholds in synaesthesia

Terhune, D. B., Song, S. H., & Kadosh, R. C. (2014) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2014.09.006 · Cited by 20

What Delay Fields Tell Us About Striate Cortex

Tehovnik, E. J., & Slocum, W. M. (2007) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00285.2007 · Cited by 19

Visual Hallucinations in Psychosis: The Curious Absence of the Primary Visual Cortex

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Is primary visual cortex necessary for visual awareness?

Silvanto, J. (2014) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2014.09.006 · Cited by 18

General and specific consciousness: a first-order representationalist approach

Mehta, N., & Mashour, G. A. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00407 · Cited by 19

Phosphene induction by cerebellar transcranial magnetic stimulation

Renzi, C., Vecchi, T., D'Angelo, E. U., Silvanto, J., & Cattaneo, Z. (2014) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2014.01.031 · Cited by 18

The cortical representation of centrally presented words: A magnetic stimulation study

Michal Lavidor, B., Ellison, A., & Walsh, V. (2003) · Visual Cognition · doi:10.1080/13506280244000131 · Cited by 18

The Organization of the Visual Cortex in Patients with Scotomata Resulting from Lesions of the Central Retina

Baseler, H. A., Gouws, A. D., & Morland, A. B. (2009) · Neuro-Ophthalmology · doi:10.1080/01658100903050053 · Cited by 19

Downregulation of early visual cortex excitability mediates oscillopsia suppression

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Markers of TMS-evoked visual conscious experience in a patient with altitudinal hemianopia

Mazzi, C., Mazzeo, G., & Savazzi, S. (2017) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2017.01.022 · Cited by 17

Microstimulation of V1 delays visually guided saccades: a parametric evaluation of delay fields

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Detection of first- and second-order coherent motion in blindsight

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Interdisciplinary implications on autism, savantism, Asperger syndrome and the biophysical picture representation: Thinking in pictures

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Chapter 30 Transcranial magnetic and direct current stimulation of the visual cortex

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Neurophysiological considerations for visual implants

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Phosphene-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation of occipital but not parietal cortex suppresses stimulus visibility

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Blindness and Consciousness: New Light from the Dark

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Organization of area hV5/MT+ in subjects with homonymous visual field defects

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Phosphene Mapping Techniques for Visual Prostheses

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Phosphene thresholds correlate with paired-pulse suppression of visually evoked potentials

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Perception of Phosphenes and Flashed Alphabetical Characters is Enhanced by Single-Pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Anterior Frontal Lobe: The Thalamic Gate Hypothesis

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Similar effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of MT+ and a dorsomedial extrastriate site including V3A on pattern detection and position discrimination of rotating and radial motion patterns

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Noninvasive Brain Stimulation in the Study of the Human Visual System

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Chapter 31 Neural correlates of phosphene perception

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The cortical representation of foveal stimuli: evidence from quadrantanopia and TMS-induced suppression

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Role of primary visual cortex in the binocular integration of plaid motion perception

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Implications on visual apperception: Energy, duration, structure and synchronization

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Inhibition of Return Impairs Phosphene Detection

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Motion Processing in Human Visual Cortex

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From qualia to quantia: A system to document and quantify phosphene percepts elicited by non-invasive neurostimulation of the human occipital cortex

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Probing Human Visual Deficits with Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Transcranial magnetic stimulation and vision

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Magnetic stimulation studies of foveal representation

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The therapeutic role of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in parkinsonian visual hallucinations: Electrophysiological correlates

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Effect of temporal frequency on habituation in migraine

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Activation in the MT-complex during visual perception of apparent motion and temporal succession

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Using causal methods to map symptoms to brain circuits in neurodevelopment disorders: moving from identifying correlates to developing treatments

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Theoretical Implications on Visual (Color) Representation and Cytochrome Oxidase Blobs

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Unidirectional visual motion adaptation induces reciprocal inhibition of human early visual cortex excitability

Arshad, Q., Nigmatullina, Y., & Bronstein, A. M. (2013) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2013.09.009 · Cited by 7

Visual consciousness in health and disease

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Modulation of cortical excitability can speed up blindsight but not improve it

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Conditioning of transcranial magnetic stimulation: Evidence of sensory-induced responding and prepulse inhibition

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No Nonsense Neuro-law

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Quantitative analysis of phosphenes induced by navigation-guided repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

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Magnetic Stimulation of the Right Visual Cortex Impairs Form-specific Priming

Pobric, G., Schweinberger, S. R., & Michal Lavidor, B. (2007) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2007.19.6.1013 · Cited by 6

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and the Study of Cognition

Théoret, H., & Pascual‐Leone, Á. (2003) · Neuropsychology and cognition · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-1163-2_8 · Cited by 6

Methodologies for Identifying the Neural Correlates of Consciousness

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A framework for the first-person internal sensation of visual perception in mammals and a comparable circuitry for olfactory perception in Drosophila

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Multisensory Perception: Magnetic Disruption of Attention in Human Parietal Lobe

Holmes, N. P., & Tamè, L. (2018) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.01.078 · Cited by 5

Involvement of V5/MT+ in object substitution masking: evidence from repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

Hirose, N., Kihara, K., Tsubomi, H., Mima, T., Ueki, Y., Fukuyama, H., & Osaka, N. (2005) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200504040-00014 · Cited by 5

Where Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation is headed to: The Modular Extended Magnetic Stimulator

Neukirchinger, F., Kersten, A., Kuder, M., Lohse, B., Schwitzgebel, F., & Weyh, T. (2021) · IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe) · doi:10.1109/eeeic/icpseurope51590.2021.9584674 · Cited by 5

A New Low: Reassessing (and Revising) the Local Recurrency Theory of Consciousness

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Neural Correlates of Visual Consciousness

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Precise oculocentric mapping of transcranial magnetic stimulation-evoked phosphenes

Silva, A. E., Tsang, K., Hasan, S. J., & Thompson, B. S. (2021) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/wnr.0000000000001683 · Cited by 4

Assessing the effects of physical and perceived luminance contrast on RT and TMS-induced percepts

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Suppression of visual cortical evoked responses following deprivation of pattern vision in adult mice

Siu, T. L. T., & Morley, J. W. (2008) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06342.x · Cited by 4

TMS entrains occipital alpha activity: Individual alpha frequency predicts the strength of entrained phase-lockingPreprint

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Progress in cognitive neuroscientific studies of visual awareness

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THE QUALITATIVE CHARACTER OF SPATIAL PERCEPTION

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Application of Pulsed Magnetic Stimulation for Recovery from Muscle Fatigue in Hypokalemic and Normal Wistar Rats

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Simulation-Based Clarification of Appropriate Factors for Presenting Phosphene in Two Directions Avoiding Electrical Interference

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Chapter 8 Visual evoked magnetic fields and magnetic stimulation of visual cortex

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Influence of callosal transfer on visual cortical evoked response and the implication in the development of a visual prosthesis

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Placing Area MT in Context

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Mechanisms of Hemispheric Specialization: Insights from Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Studies

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Probing the mind with magnetism

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Neural Correlates of Visual Consciousness

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Could Striate Cortex Microcolumns Serve as the Neural Correlates of Visual Consciousness?

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Functional Specialization & Parallel Processing within Retinotopic Subdivisions of Lateral Occipital Cortex

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Changes in visual cortex excitability in blind subjects as demonstrated by transcranial magnetic stimulation

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Changes in visual cortex excitability in blind subjects as demonstrated by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Gothe J, Brandt SA, Irlbacher K, Roricht S, Sabel BA, Meyer B-U. Brain 2002;125:479–490.

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Retinal and visual cortex distance from transcranial magnetic stimulation of the vertex affects phosphene perception

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Making the blindsighted see

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