Phosphenes and transient scotomas induced by magnetic stimulation of the occipital lobe: their topographic relationship
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the visual cortex is known to induce phosphenes and is able to suppress visual perception. To address the topographic relationship of phosphenes and transient scotomas, the visual field of 10 normal subjects was investigated using a perimetric approach. The central visual field (diameter: 20 degrees) was tested at 32 sites. Perceptual thresholds were determined by presenting 1 ms test spots flashed with varying intensity in random order. TMS was applied with a focal figure-of-eight coil placed over the inion. All subjects perceived phosphenes, mostly restricted to one of the lower quadrants within the visual field. In 13 out of 15 investigations, a magnetic stimulus triggered 100 ms after the visual target resulted in a relative scotoma with threshold changes of 8 dB or more. In 9 of 13 investigations, scotomas coincided spatially with sketches of phosphenes made by subjects in a separate test. Scotomas covered only a small percentage of the total visual field, which may explain the failure of previous studies to find perceptual suppression with the focal coil. The present result demonstrates that phosphenes evoked during TMS can serve as a guide for optimal visual stimulus alignment in neuropsychological experiments.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Modeling and experimental work suggest that the spatial resolution of direct TMS stimulation is 5-10 mm.
“Modeling and experimental work suggest that the spatial resolution of direct TMS stimulation is 5–10 mm (11, 41).”
From Disruption of the right temporoparietal junction with transcranial magnetic stimulation reduces the role of beliefs in moral judgments (2010) · cites this paper as [41]
Cites
Techniques and mechanisms of action of transcranial stimulation of the human motor cortex
Rothwell, J. C. (1997) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/s0165-0270(97)02242-5 · Cited by 649 · see citing works
Marg, E., & Rudiak, D. (1994) · Optometry and Vision Science · doi:10.1002/j.1538-9235.1994.tb03348.x · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Amassian, V. E., Maccabee, P. J., Cracco, R. Q., Cracco, J. B., Somasundaram, M., Rothwell, J. C., Eberle, L., Henry, K., & Rudell, A. P. (1994) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Evoked Potentials Section · doi:10.1016/0168-5597(94)90087-6 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Aulhorn, E., & Harms, H. (1972) · Handbook of sensory physiology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-88658-4_5 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Perimetry and its clinical correlations
Lachenmayr, B. J., & Vivell, P. M. (1993) · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Rossini, P., Burke, D. F., Chen, R., Cohen, L., Daskalakis, Z., Iorio, R. D., di Lazzaro, V., Ferreri, F., Fitzgerald, P., George, M., et al. (2015) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2015.02.001 · Cited by 2,729 · see citing works
Consciousness, accessibility, and the mesh between psychology and neuroscience
Block, N. (2007) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x07002786 · Cited by 1,146 · see citing works
Galea, J. M., Vazquez, A., Pasricha, N., Orban de Xivry, J.-J., & Celnik, P. (2011) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhq246 · Cited by 760 · see citing works
Fast Backprojections from the Motion to the Primary Visual Area Necessary for Visual Awareness
Pascual-Leone, A., & Walsh, V. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1057099 · Cited by 761 · see citing works
Two neural correlates of consciousness
Block, N. (2005) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2004.12.006 · Cited by 713 · see citing works
Young, L., Camprodon, J. A., Hauser, M., Pascual-Leone, A., & Saxe, R. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0914826107 · Cited by 584 · see citing works
Siebner, H. R., Funke, K., Aberra, A. S., Antal, A., Bestmann, S., Chen, R., Classen, J., Davare, M., Di Lazzaro, V., Fox, P. T., et al. (2022) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2022.04.022 · Cited by 566 · see citing works
Valero‐Cabré, A., Amengual, J. L., Stengel, C., Pascual‐Leone, Á., & Coubard, O. A. (2017) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.10.006 · Cited by 454 · see citing works
Frequency-dependent electrical stimulation of the visual cortex.
Kanai, R., Chaieb, L., Antal, A., Walsh, V., & Paulus, W. (2008) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.10.027 · Cited by 427 · see citing works
Bergmann, T. O., Karabanov, A. N., Hartwigsen, G., Thielscher, A., & Siebner, H. R. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.02.012 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Non-invasive transcranial ultrasound stimulation for neuromodulation
Darmani, G., Bergmann, T. O., Pauly, K. B., Caskey, C. F., de Lecea, L., Fomenko, A., Fouragnan, E. F., Legon, W., Murphy, K. R., Nandi, T., et al. (2021) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2021.12.010 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Motor and phosphene thresholds: a transcranial magnetic stimulation correlation study
Stewart, L., Walsh, V., & Rothwell, J. C. (2001) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(00)00130-5 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Inferring Causality from Noninvasive Brain Stimulation in Cognitive Neuroscience
Bergmann, T. O., & Hartwigsen, G. (2020) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01591 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation on single‐unit activity in the cat primary visual cortex
Moliadze, V., Zhao, Y., Eysel, U. T., & Funke, K. (2003) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2003.050153 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Neural adaptation reveals state‐dependent effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation
Silvanto, J., Muggleton, N. G., Cowey, A., & Walsh, V. (2007) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05440.x · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Manipulation of phosphene thresholds by transcranial direct current stimulation in man
Antal, A., Kincses, Z. T., Nitsche, M. A., & Paulus, W. (2003) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-003-1459-8 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Magnetically induced phosphenes in sighted, blind and blindsighted observers
Cowey, A., & Walsh, V. (2000) · NeuroReport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200009280-00044 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Tegenthoff, M., Ragert, P., Pleger, B., Schwenkreis, P., Förster, A., Nicolas, V., & Dinse, H. R. (2005) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030362 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Feedback Contributions to Visual Awareness in Human Occipital Cortex
Ro, T., Breitmeyer, B. G., Burton, P. C., Singhal, N. S., & Lane, D. M. (2003) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(03)00337-3 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Priming of Motion Direction and Area V5/MT: a Test of Perceptual Memory
Campana, G. (2002) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/12.6.663 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Ryota Kanai, C., Paulus, W., & Walsh, V. (2010) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2010.03.022 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Shifting Attentional Priorities: Control of Spatial Attention through Hemispheric Competition
Szczepanski, S. M., & Kästner, S. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4089-12.2013 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Retinal origin of phosphenes to transcranial alternating current stimulation
Schutter, D. J. L. G., & Hortensius, R. (2010) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2009.10.038 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Kammer, T., Beck, S., Erb, M., & Grodd, W. (2001) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/s1388-2457(01)00673-3 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Self-citationKammer, T., Puls, K., Erb, M., & Grodd, W. (2004) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-004-1992-0 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Self-citationExtrastriate body area underlies aesthetic evaluation of body stimuli
Calvo‐Merino, B., Urgesi, C., Orgs, G., Aglioti, S. M., & Haggard, P. (2010) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-010-2283-6 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Confuse Your Illusion: Feedback to Early Visual Cortex Contributes to Perceptual Completion
Wokke, M. E., Vandenbroucke, A. R. E., Scholte, H. S., & Lamme, V. A. F. (2013) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797612449175 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Sparing, R., Mottaghy, F. M., Ganis, G., Thompson, W. L., Töpper, R., Kosslyn, S. M., & Pascual‐Leone, Á. (2002) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(02)02478-2 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Feedback to V1: a reverse hierarchy in vision
Juan, C.-H., & Walsh, V. (2003) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-003-1478-5 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Modulation of moving phosphene thresholds by transcranial direct current stimulation of V1 in human
Antal, A., Kincses, Z. T., Nitsche, M. A., & Paulus, W. (2003) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(03)00181-7 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Visual and motor cortex excitability: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study
Boroojerdi, B., Meister, I. G., Foltys, H., Sparing, R., Cohen, L. G., & Töpper, R. (2002) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/s1388-2457(02)00198-0 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Pascual‐Leone, Á., & Walsh, V. (2002) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012693019-1/50013-7 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Transcranial magnetic stimulation in the visual system. I. The psychophysics of visual suppression
Kammer, T., Puls, K., Strasburger, H., Hill, N., & Wichmann, F. (2004) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-004-1991-1 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citationComparing the Major Theories of Consciousness
Block, N. J. (2009) · The Cognitive Neurosciences · doi:10.7551/mitpress/8029.003.0099 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Gothe, J., Brandt, S. A., Irlbacher, K., Röricht, S., Sabel, B. A., & Meyer, B.-U. (2002) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awf045 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Thut, G., Northoff, G., Ives, J. R., Kamitani, Y., Pfennig, A., Kampmann, F., Schomer, D. L., & Pascual‐Leone, Á. (2003) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/s1388-2457(03)00205-0 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Ro, T., Shelton, D., Lee, O., & Chang, E. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · doi:10.1073/pnas.0403061101 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Training in the practice of noninvasive brain stimulation: Recommendations from an IFCN committee
Fried, P. J., Santarnecchi, E., Antal, A., David Bartrés-faz, A., Bestmann, S., Carpenter, L. L., Celnik, P. A., Edwards, D. J., Farzan, F., Fecteau, S., et al. (2020) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2020.11.018 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Spatial congruence of neuronavigated transcranial magnetic stimulation and functional neuroimaging
Herwig, U. (2002) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/s1388-2457(02)00026-3 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Correlation between motor and phosphene thresholds: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study
Deblieck, C., Thompson, B. S., Iacoboni, M., & Wu, A. D. (2007) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20427 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Transcranial magnetic stimulation: applications in basic neuroscience and neuropsychopharmacology
Lisanby, S. H., Luber, B. M., Perera, T. D., & Sackeïm, H. A. (2000) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145700002005 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the investigation and treatment of schizophrenia: a review.
Haraldsson, H. M., Ferrarelli, F., Kalin, N., & Tononi, G. (2004) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2003.10.006 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
The chronometry of visual perception: Review of occipital TMS masking studies
de Graaf, T. A., Koivisto, M., Jacobs, C., & Sack, A. T. (2014) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.06.017 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Mechanisms underlying rapid experience-dependent plasticity in the human visual cortex
Boroojerdi, B., Battaglia, F., Muellbacher, W., & Cohen, L. G. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.251357198 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Enhanced visual perception with occipital transcranial magnetic stimulation
Mulckhuyse, M., Kelley, T. A., Theeuwes, J., Walsh, V., & Nilli Lavie, C. (2011) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07814.x · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Cowey, A. (2005) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2005.1658 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Aydın-Abidin, S., Moliadze, V., Eysel, U. T., & Funke, K. (2006) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2006.108464 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Visual Cortex Excitability in Migraine Evaluated by Single and Paired Magnetic Stimuli
Gerwig, M., Niehaus, L., Kastrup, O., Stude, P., & Diener, H. (2005) · Headache · doi:10.1111/j.1526-4610.2005.00272.x · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Mapping of the human visual cortex using image-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation
Fernández, E., Alfaro, A., Tormos, J. M., Climent, R., Martinez, M., Vilanova, H., Walsh, V., & Pascual‐Leone, Á. (2002) · Brain Research Protocols · doi:10.1016/s1385-299x(02)00189-7 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Thut, G., Théoret, H., Pfennig, A., Ives, J. R., Kampmann, F., Northoff, G., & Pascual‐Leone, Á. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(02)00048-4 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Lenggenhager, B., Smith, S., & Blanke, O. (2006) · Reviews in the Neurosciences · doi:10.1515/revneuro.2006.17.6.643 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as an Investigative Tool in the Study of Visual Function
Merabet, L., Théoret, H., & Pascual-Leone, Á. (2003) · Optometry and Vision Science · doi:10.1097/00006324-200305000-00010 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Silvanto, J., & Muggleton, N. G. (2008) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.02.002 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Central processing of human ocular torsion analyzed by galvanic vestibular stimulation
Schneider, E., Glasauer, S., & Dieterich, M. (2000) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200005150-00039 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Masking visual stimuli by transcranial magnetic stimulation
Kammer, T. (2006) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-006-0063-5 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationEnhancement of long‐range EEG coherence by synchronous bifocal transcranial magnetic stimulation
Plewnia, C., Rilk, A. J., Soekadar, S. R., Arfeller, C., Huber, H., Sauseng, P., Hummel, F. C., & Gerloff, C. P. (2008) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06124.x · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Antal, A., Nitsche, M. A., Kincses, Z. T., Lampe, C., & Paulus, W. (2004) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200402090-00017 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Improved Discrimination of Visual Stimuli Following Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Waterston, M. L., & Pack, C. C. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010354 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Modulation of motor function and cortical plasticity in health and disease
Celnik, P., & Cohen, L. (2004) · Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience · doi:10.3233/rnn-2004-00272 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
van de Ven, V. G., & Sack, A. T. (2012) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2012.08.001 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Extinguishing Exogenous Attention via Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Fernández, A., & Carrasco, M. (2020) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2020.07.068 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
A Magnetic Stimulation Examination of Orthographic Neighborhood Effects in Visual Word Recognition
Michal Lavidor, B., & Walsh, V. (2003) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892903321593081 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
The Neuroanatomy of Phenomenal Vision: A Psychological Perspective
Stoerig, P. (2001) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05716.x · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Evoked potentials in large-scale cortical networks elicited by TMS of the visual cortex
Garcia, J. O., Grossman, E. D., & Srinivasan, R. (2011) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00739.2010 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Kobayashi, M., & Pascual‐Leone, Á. (2007) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-271-7_28 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Cowey, A., & Walsh, V. (2001) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(01)34027-x · Cited by 47 · see citing works
The role of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in studies of vision, attention and cognition
Stewart, L., Ellison, A., Walsh, V., & Cowey, A. (2001) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/s0001-6918(01)00035-x · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Sireteanu, R., Oertel, V., Mohr, H. M., Linden, D. E. J., & Singer, W. (2008) · Perception · doi:10.1068/p6034 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Railo, H., & Koivisto, M. (2010) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2010.12.001 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Denslow, S., Bohning, D. E., Böhning, P., Lomarev, M. P., & George, M. S. (2005) · Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology · doi:10.1097/01.wnn.0000160821.15459.68 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Suppression of vision by transcranial magnetic stimulation
Corthout, E., Uttl, B., Juan, C.-H., Hallett, M., & Cowey, A. (2000) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200008030-00003 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Ro, T. (2007) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.09.005 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Cortical interactions in vision and awareness: hierarchies in reverse
Juan, C.-H., Campana, G., & Walsh, V. (2004) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(03)14408-1 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Fried, P. J., Elkin-Frankston, S., Rushmore, J., Hilgetag, C. C., & Valero‐Cabré, A. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0027204 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Marzi, C. A., Mancini, F., & Savazzi, S. (2008) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-008-1496-4 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Mapping the visual brain areas susceptible to phosphene induction through brain stimulation
Schaeffner, L. F., & Welchman, A. E. (2016) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-016-4784-4 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Phosphene thresholds evoked with single and double TMS pulses
Kammer, T., & Baumann, L. (2010) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2009.12.002 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationde Graaf, T. A., Cornelsen, S., Jacobs, C., & Sack, A. T. (2011) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2011.04.012 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Sparing, R., Dambeck, N., Stock, K., Meister, I. G., Hütter, D., & Boroojerdi, B. (2005) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2005.03.036 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
van Lamsweerde, A. E., & Johnson, J. S. (2017) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01113 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Salminen‐Vaparanta, N., Koivisto, M., Noreika, V., Vanni, S., & Revonsuo, A. (2012) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.03.015 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Davis, N. J. (2020) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.14957 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Using brain stimulation to disentangle neural correlates of conscious vision
de Graaf, T. A., & Sack, A. T. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01019 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Valero‐Cabré, A., Pascual‐Leone, Á., & Coubard, O. A. (2011) · Revue Neurologique · doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2010.10.013 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Höffken, O., Grehl, T., Dinse, H. R., Tegenthoff, M., & Bach, M. (2008) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-008-1374-0 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Caparelli, E. C., Backus, W. W., Telang, F., Wang, G.-J., Maloney, T., Goldstein, R. Z., Anschel, D. J., & Henn, F. A. (2010) · The Open Neuroimaging Journal · doi:10.2174/1874440001004010100 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
fMRI of Retina-Originated Phosphenes Experienced by Patients with Leber Congenital Amaurosis
Ashtari, M., Cyckowski, L. L., Yazdi, A., Amanda, V., Marshall, K. A., Bókkon, I., Maguire, A. M., & Bennett, J. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086068 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Kammer, T., & Beck, S. (2002) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-002-1160-3 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationde Graaf, T. A., Duecker, F., Stankevich, Y., ten Oever, S., & Sack, A. T. (2017) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2017.04.127 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Silvanto, J., & Muggleton, N. G. (2008) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2007.10.022 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Magnetic Stimulation of the Left Visual Cortex Impairs Expert Word Recognition
Skarratt, P. A., & Michal Lavidor, B. (2006) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2006.18.10.1749 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Xu, N., Zhou, Y., Patel, A. C., Zhang, N., & Liu, Y. (2022) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.11.022 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
The sound-induced phosphene illusion
Bolognini, N., Convento, S., Fusaro, M., & Vallar, G. (2013) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-013-3711-1 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Neary, K., Anand, S., & Hotson, J. R. (2004) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-004-2117-5 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Inducing out-of-body experiences
Blanke, O., & Thut, G. (2007) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198568773.003.0027 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Non-invasive stimulation of the social brain: the methodological challenges
Penton, T., Catmur, C., Banissy, M. J., Bird, G., & Walsh, V. (2022) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsaa102 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Brandt, S. A., Brocke, J., Röricht, S., Ploner, C. J., Villringer, A., & Meyer, B.-U. (2001) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2001.0847 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Nagel, M., & Zangemeister, W. H. (2003) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0022-510x(03)00145-x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
MRI Guided Brain Stimulation without the Use of a Neuronavigation System
Vaghefi, E., Cai, P., Fang, F., Byblow, W. D., Stinear, C. M., & Thompson, B. S. (2015) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2015/647510 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
What Delay Fields Tell Us About Striate Cortex
Tehovnik, E. J., & Slocum, W. M. (2007) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00285.2007 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kammer, T.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Society (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Kammer, Thomas
- ORCID
- Kammer, Thomas
- Venue
- Neuropsychologia
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1998-11
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 191-198
- ISSN
- 0028-3932 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1494786883
- Cited by
- 170
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 3.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuropsychologia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Keywords
- phosphenes, transcranial magnetic stimulation, visual cortex, occipital lobe, visual field topography, perceptual suppression, visual perception, visual field testing
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain Mapping, Female, Humans, Magnetics, Male, Occipital Lobe, Phosphenes, Scotoma, Time Factors, Visual Fields
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
