Neurophysiological considerations for visual implants
Abstract
Neural implants have the potential to restore visual capabilities in blind individuals by electrically stimulating the neurons of the visual system. This stimulation can produce visual percepts known as phosphenes. The ideal location of electrical stimulation for achieving vision restoration is widely debated and dependent on the physiological properties of the targeted tissue. Here, the neurophysiology of several potential target structures within the visual system will be explored regarding their benefits and downfalls in producing phosphenes. These regions will include the lateral geniculate nucleus, primary visual cortex, visual area 2, visual area 3, visual area 4 and the middle temporal area. Based on the existing engineering limitations of neural prostheses, we anticipate that electrical stimulation of any singular brain region will be incapable of achieving high-resolution naturalistic perception including color, texture, shape and motion. As improvements in visual acuity facilitate improvements in quality of life, emulating naturalistic vision should be one of the ultimate goals of visual prostheses. To achieve this goal, we propose that multiple brain areas will need to be targeted in unison enabling different aspects of vision to be recreated.
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Placing the electrodes in higher visual areas where spatial representation is still preserved could be a possible solution to enlarge the visual field.
“Therefore, placing the electrodes in higher visual areas where spatial representation is still preserved [26,103] could be a possible solution to enlarge the visual field.”
From Advances in visual prostheses: engineering and biological challenges (2022) · cites this paper as [103]
Placing the electrodes in higher visual areas could be a possible solution to enlarge artificial vision.
“Although placing the electrodes in higher visual areas [103] could be a possible solution to enlarge artificial vision.”
From Advances in visual prostheses: engineering and biological challenges (2022) · cites this paper as [103]
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Advances in visual prostheses: engineering and biological challenges
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Meikle, S. J., & Wong, Y. T.
- Affiliations
- Monash University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Wong, Yan T.
- Venue
- Brain Structure and Function
- Published
- 2021-11-13
- Volume
- 227
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1523-1543
- ISSN
- 1863-2653 (ISSN-L)
- 1863-2661
- OpenAlex
- W3214371282
- Semantic Scholar
- 69cb650030f1e7b5f710264fd1826e93731ccfe7
- Cited by
- 15
- References
- 152
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 0.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Brain Structure and Function (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Australian Research Council (DP200100179)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Keywords
- neural prostheses, phosphenes, vision restoration, blindness, lateral geniculate nucleus, primary visual cortex, middle temporal area, electrical stimulation, neurophysiology, visual acuity
- MeSH terms
- Electric Stimulation, Humans, Phosphenes, Quality of Life, Vision, Ocular, Visual Cortex, Visual Perception, Visual Prosthesis
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