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Investigating the functional anatomy of empathy and forgiveness
Abstract
Previous functional brain imaging studies suggest that the ability to infer the intentions and mental states of others (social cognition) is mediated by medial prefrontal cortex. Little is known about the anatomy of empathy and forgiveness. We used functional MRI to detect brain regions engaged by judging others' emotional states and the forgivability of their crimes. Ten volunteers read and made judgements based on social scenarios and a high level baseline task (social reasoning). Both empathic and forgivability judgements activated left superior frontal gyrus, orbitofrontal gyrus and precuneus. Empathic judgements also activated left anterior middle temporal and left inferior frontal gyri, while forgivability judgements activated posterior cingulate gyrus. Empathic and forgivability judgements activate specific regions of the human brain, which we propose contribute to social cohesion.
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“Gratitude and forgiveness require distinct attributions (Fincham, Paleari, & Regalia, 2002; McCullough, Emmons, & Tsang, 2002) but share a common, fundamental component of empathy (Farrow et al., 2001; Lazarus, 1991; Macaskill, Maltby, & Day, 2002; McCullough, Kilpatrick, Emmons, & Larson, 2001).”
From Gratitude and forgiveness: convergence and divergence on self-report and informant ratings. (2010) · cites this paper as Farrow et al., 2001
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Metadata
- Authors
- Farrow, T. F. D., Zheng, Y., Wilkinson, I. D., Spence, S. A., Deakin, J. F. W., Tarrier, N., Griffiths, P. D., & Woodruff, P. W. R.
- Affiliations
- Northern General Hospital (GB)
- Venue
- Neuroreport
- Published
- 2001-08
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2433-2438
- ISSN
- 0959-4965 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1976949933
- Cited by
- 330
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 19.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuroreport (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Forgiveness and Related Behaviors
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Keywords
- empathy, forgiveness, social cognition, mental state inference, medial prefrontal cortex, superior frontal gyrus, orbitofrontal cortex, precuneus, posterior cingulate cortex, social cohesion, moral judgment, brain regions
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain Mapping, Cognition, Empathy, Female, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Temporal Lobe
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