Cited by 1,074Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitationPain Management and TreatmentPain Mechanisms and Treatments

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Chronic Pain-Associated Depression: Antecedent or Consequence of Chronic Pain? A Review

Fishbain, David A., Cutler, Robert, Rosomoff, Hubert L., Rosomoff, Renee Steele·1997·The Clinical Journal of Pain

DOI 10.1097/00002508-199706000-00006

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To determine the current status for the association of chronic pain and depression and to review the evidence for whether depression is an antecedent or consequence of chronic pain (CP). DESIGN: A computer and manual literature review yielded 191 studies that related to the pain-depression association. These reports were reviewed and sorted into seven categories relating to the topic of this paper. Eighty-three studies were then selected according to inclusion criteria and subjected to a structured review. SETTING: Any medical treatment setting including pain treatment as inclusion criteria for selection of studies. PATIENTS: Any patients with any type of chronic pain. RESULTS: The reviewed studies were consistent in indicating that there is a statistical relationship between chronic pain and depression. For the relationship between pain and depression, there was greater support for the consequence and scar hypotheses than the antecedent hypothesis. CONCLUSIONS: Depression is more common in chronic pain patients (CPPs) than in healthy controls as a consequence of the presence of CP. At pain onset, predisposition to depression (the scar hypothesis) may increase the likelihood for the development of depression in some CPPS. Because of difficulties in measuring depression in the presence of CP, the reviewed studies should be interpreted with caution.

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Authors: Fishbain, D. A., Cutler, R., Rosomoff, H. L., & Rosomoff, R. S.
Affiliations: University of Miami (US)
Corresponding author: Fishbain, David A.
Cutler, Robert
ORCID: Fishbain, David A.
Venue: The Clinical Journal of Pain
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 1997-06
Volume: 13
Issue: 2
Pages: 116-137
ISSN: 0749-8047 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/00002508-199706000-00006
OpenAlex: W2038709220
Cited by: 1,074
References: 111
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 51 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 52 · 2012: 51
FWCI: 1.86
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Clinical Journal of Pain (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
Keywords: chronic pain, depression, pain-depression relationship, pain onset
MeSH terms: Brain Chemistry, Chronic Disease, Clinical Trials as Topic, Depression, Humans, Pain

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Chronic Pain-Associated Depression: Antecedent or Consequence of Chronic Pain? A Review

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