Pain and suffering
Abstract
It is suffering, not pain, that brings patients into doctor's offices in hopes of finding relief. Astounding developments in our understanding of the mechanisms of nociception should not cause us to lose sight of our patients' goals. Chronic pain is far more than a sensory process. We must maintain the biopsychosocial model of chronic pain if we are to provide effective health care to our patients. Understanding the components of pain facilitates this goal. Suffering is an emergent property of the human brain and is dependent upon consciousness. It too is worthy of study by scientists and of concern to clinicians.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Blacks are less likely than non-Hispanic Whites to report depression and anxiety, but Major Depressive Disorder is more chronic among Black individuals than Caucasians.
“Although Blacks are less likely than non-Hispanic Whites to report experiencing depression and anxiety, the chronicity of Major Depressive Disorder is higher among Black individuals than Caucasians, and Black patients are less likely to receive effective treatment and more likely than Whites to rate their depression as severe and disabling 237–241.”
From Evaluating psychosocial contributions to chronic pain outcomes (2018) · cites this paper as [237]
Black patients are less likely to receive effective treatment and more likely than Whites to rate their depression as severe and disabling.
“Black patients are less likely to receive effective treatment and more likely than Whites to rate their depression as severe and disabling 237–241.”
From Evaluating psychosocial contributions to chronic pain outcomes (2018) · cites this paper as [237]
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The role of psychosocial processes in the development and maintenance of chronic pain
Edwards, R. R., Dworkin, R. H., Sullivan, M. D., Turk, D. C., & Wasan, A. D. (2016) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2016.01.001 · Cited by 954 · see citing works
Evaluating psychosocial contributions to chronic pain outcomes
Meints, S. M., & Edwards, R. R. (2018) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.01.017 · Cited by 719 · see citing works
Wideman, T. H., Edwards, R. R., Walton, D. M., Martel, M. O., Hudon, A., & Seminowicz, D. A. (2019) · The Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000000670 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Tossani, E. (2013) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000343003 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Happiness and Pleasure<sup>1</sup>
HAYBRON, D. M. (2001) · Philosophy and Phenomenological Research · doi:10.1111/j.1933-1592.2001.tb00072.x · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Vowles, K. E., Witkiewitz, K., Levell, J., Sowden, G., & Ashworth, J. (2017) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000159 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
- Authors
- Loeser, J. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Loeser, John D.
- ORCID
- Loeser, John D.
- Venue
- The Clinical Journal of Pain
- Published
- 2000-06
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- Supplement
- Pages
- S2-S6
- ISSN
- 0749-8047 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2065031842
- Cited by
- 173
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 6.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Journal of Pain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Medicine, History, and Philosophy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Keywords
- chronic pain, suffering, biopsychosocial model, nociception, consciousness, pain mechanisms, patient goals, analgesia
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Nociceptors, Pain, Physician-Patient Relations, Sick Role
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
