The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Clinical Effects of Electromagnetic and Electric Fields on Fracture Healing
Abstract
The clinical use of electric and electromagnetic fields for fracture healing applications began in the early 1970s. Since then, several technologies have been developed and shown to promote healing in difficult to heal fractures. The development of these devices has been aided in recent years by basic research and several well controlled clinical trials. This review provides a brief description of the different techniques and their respective clinical utility. Finally, future directions in basic and clinical research are outlined to exploit fully the usefulness of these noninvasive bone growth stimulation technologies.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Generation of electric potentials by bone in response to mechanical stress
Bassett, C. A. L., & Becker, R. O. (1962) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.137.3535.1063 · Cited by 778
Tibial nonunion treated with direct current, capacitive coupling, or bone graft
Brighton, C. T., Shaman, P., Bruce, R., Esterhai, J. L., Pollack, S. R., & Friedenberg, Z. B. (1995) · Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research · doi:10.1097/00003086-199512000-00034 · Cited by 116
Cited by
Pall, M. L. (2013) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/jcmm.12088 · Cited by 440
The decisive early phase of bone regeneration
Duda, G. N., Geissler, S., Checa, S., Tsitsilonis, S., Petersen, A., & Schmidt-Bleek, K. (2023) · Nature Reviews Rheumatology · doi:10.1038/s41584-022-00887-0 · Cited by 409
Treatment of Nonunions With Electric and Electromagnetic Fields
Aaron, R. K., Ciombor, D. M., & Simon, B. J. (2004) · Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research · doi:10.1097/00003086-200402000-00005 · Cited by 275
Adie, S., Harris, I. A., Naylor, J. M., Rae, H., Dao, A., Yong, S., & Ying, V. (2011) · Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery · doi:10.2106/jbjs.j.00869 · Cited by 69
Raben, H., Kämmerer, P. W., Bader, R., & van Rienen, U. (2019) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app9102160 · Cited by 34
Metadata
- Authors
- Ryaby
- Venue
- Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
- Published
- 1998-10
- Volume
- 355S
- Issue
- 355 Suppl
- Pages
- S205-S215
- ISSN
- 0009-921X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1972369406
- Cited by
- 212
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 3.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Clinical Effects of Electromagnetic and Electric Fields on Fracture Healing. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1097/00003086-199810001-00021
- The paper
- Ryaby. (1998). Clinical Effects of Electromagnetic and Electric Fields on Fracture Healing. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003086-199810001-00021
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.