Startle Modulation in Children at Risk for Anxiety Disorders and/or Alcoholism
Open accessAbstract
Objective To examine the startle reflex as a possible vulnerability marker among offspring of parents with anxiety disorders and/or alcoholism. Method The subjects were 66 male and female offspring (aged 10 to 17 years) of proband who participated in a family study of comorbidity of alcoholism and anxiety disorders. Testing consisted of examining the startle reflex and its modulation by prepulse stimuli (prepulse facilitation and prepulse inhibition). Results Different components of the startle discriminated among children of parents with anxiety disorders, children of alcoholics, and children of normal controls. Specifically startle magnitude was elevated in children with a parental history of an anxiety disorder, whereas startle habituation and prepulse inhibition were impaired in children with a parental history of alcoholism. Conclusion These findings suggest that individual differences in the startle reflex may serve as a vulnerability marker for the development of anxiety disorders and alcohol problems.
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Unaffected daughters and granddaughters, but not sons or grandsons, of people with anxiety disorders or major depression have higher baseline startle in threatening contexts.
“non-affected daughters and granddaughters (but not sons or grandsons) of individuals with anxiety disorders or major depression, respectively, show elevated baseline startle in threatening contexts (Grillon et al, 1997a, 1998a, 2005).”
From Phasic vs Sustained Fear in Rats and Humans: Role of the Extended Amygdala in Fear vs Anxiety (2010) · cites this paper as Grillon et al, 1997a
Cites
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Fear‐Potentiated Startle in Humans: Effects of Anticipatory Anxiety on the Acoustic Blink Reflex
Grillon, C., AMELI, R., Woods, S. W., Merikangas, K., & Davis, M. (1991) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1991.tb01999.x · Cited by 462 · see citing works
Self-citationVentilatory physiology of patients with panic disorder
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Baseline and fear-potentiated startle in panic disorder patients
Grillon, C., Ameli, R., Goddard, A., Woods, S. W., & Davis, M. (1994) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(94)90040-x · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Self-citationStress Test Reactivity in Panic Disorder
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Phasic vs Sustained Fear in Rats and Humans: Role of the Extended Amygdala in Fear vs Anxiety
Davis, M., Walker, D. L., Miles, L., & Grillon, C. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2009.109 · Cited by 1,488 · see citing works
“…REVIEWS adolescents (Grillon et al, 1999) and adults (Coplan et al, 1998; Grillon and Ameli, 1998b; Grillon et al, 1997b).”
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Grillon, C., Pine, D. S., Lissek, S., Rabin, S., Bonne, O., & Vythilingam, M. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.12.028 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
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Startle potentiation by threat of aversive stimuli and darkness in adolescents: a multi-site study
Grillon, C., Merikangas, K. R., Dierker, L., Snidman, N., Arriaga, R. I., Kagan, J., Donzella, B., Dikel, T., & Nelson, C. (1999) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/s0167-8760(99)00002-1 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
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Effects of Additional Oxazepam in Long-Term Users of Oxazepam
Oude Voshaar, R. C., Verkes, R.-J., van Luijtelaar, G. L. J. M., Edelbroek, P. M., & Zitman, F. G. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/01.jcp.0000150219.59056.d0 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
- Authors
- GRILLON, C., DIERKER, L., & MERIKANGAS, K. R.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- GRILLON, CHRISTIAN
- Venue
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1997-07
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 925-932
- ISSN
- 0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2083295537
- Cited by
- 135
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 6.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration of the U.S. Public Health Service (AA07080, DA05348, MH30929, and MH50720)
- John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation (K02-DA00293-07)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- startle response, prepulse inhibition, prepulse facilitation, startle habituation, anxiety disorders, alcoholism, children of alcoholics, parental history, vulnerability indicators, comorbidities, children
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Alcoholism, Anxiety Disorders, Arousal, Blinking, Child, Female, Genetic Markers, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Reflex, Startle, Comorbidity, Child of Impaired Parents
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